海潮负荷效应及利用GPS技术建立海潮负荷位移模型研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 09:46

本文关键词：海潮负荷效应及利用GPS技术建立海潮负荷位移模型研究　出处：《长安大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海潮负荷效应的影响对目前精度要求越来越高的导航定位而言,特别是对于近海区域高精度定位已成为不容忽视的重要影响因素之一。当前对于海潮负荷效应的研究主要是利用全球海潮模型予以修正,但现有全球海潮模型在公海区域精度较高,而在近海区域精度较差,从而影响了全球海潮模型的整体精度。因此,为有效提高定位精度,迫切需要构建高精度的海潮模型。随着全球导航卫星系统GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)的快速发展,利用全球定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)技术反演海潮负荷,相比传统利用重力及甚长基线干涉测量,有着全球覆盖、测站数多、全天候、成本低等诸多优势,为海潮模型的精化与建立提供了有效的技术手段,对海潮负荷效应的深入研究具有重要的理论意义和参考价值。据此,本文主要利用GPS技术开展了海潮负荷效应及利用GPS技术建立高精度海潮模型的研究。系统研究了海洋潮汐与海潮负荷基本理论,针对目前现有海潮负荷位移模型整体精度较低等问题,重点开展了利用高精度近海资料对全球海潮模型的局部改进、及利用GPS精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)技术反演高精度海潮模型的研究,提出并建立了多种利用GPS PPP技术求解海潮负荷位移模型的新算法,取得了较为显著的成果。本文主要内容如下:(1)通过系统研究潮汐效应对沿海区域高精度GPS精密定位的影响,将现有潮汐改正模型应用于香港地区,获取了潮汐的影响规律,固体潮影响最大,海潮次之,极潮最小,且三者影响量级分别为厘米级、厘米级、毫米级;潮汐对GPS单天解的影响小于动态解,且潮汐的影响存在明显的周期变化但不能通过长期观测完全消除;(2)深入研究了海潮负荷对卫星重力场恢复的影响,采用FES2004和GOT00全球海潮模型计算分析了海潮负荷效应对卫星重力场前60阶的影响,结果表明海潮对重力场前35阶的影响都超过了重力场恢复精度,并采用海潮模型差异作为模型精度估计量,计算分析了海潮模型误差对卫星重力结果的影响,揭示出该影响与近海效应的影响几乎相当;(3)采用高精度近海潮汐资料深入研究了全球海潮模型的精度分布特征,发现各全球海潮模型在近海区域均存在精度低的现象,提出利用近海模型对全球海潮模型进行局部精化,对比分析了经近海模型精化前后的垂直位移与重力结果,结果表明利用近海模型对全球海潮模型进行精化可提高全球模型的整体精度。(4)针对香港地区缺少验潮站而无法构建高精度近海模型的问题,本文研究并提出了采用GPS三小时重叠时段的动态PPP算法获取香港地区GPS测站坐标时间序列,进而结合调和分析方法与最小二乘拟合法,有效构建了香港地区高精度区域海潮模型。(5)提出并建立了将海潮负荷三维位移影响作为未知参数直接引入GPS PPP模型中进行实时逐历元估计,并采用调和分析建立海潮模型的新算法。相比常规估计方法,该新算法有效避免了未知参数过多产生秩亏及降低解算效率等问题。(6)针对GPS定位模式残余误差会导致求解海潮潮波参数需长时间收敛才能得到稳定解等问题,提出并建立了利用全球海潮模型作为先验信息约束的PPP技术求解海潮负荷位移模型的新算法。实例结果揭示相比常规PPP技术附加先验信息约束的PPP算法,可明显加速各个潮波收敛速度,有效提高潮波精度,且建立的模型与近海模型精化后的全球海潮模型精度相当。
[Abstract]:Navigation and positioning effect of ocean tide loading effect on the accuracy of the higher requirements are concerned, especially for high precision positioning in coastal areas has become one of the important factors that can not be ignored. The current study for the ocean loading effect is corrected using the global ocean tide model, but the existing global ocean models in high seas and in high precision the offshore area of poor accuracy, thus affecting the overall accuracy of the global ocean tide model. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the positioning accuracy, the urgent need to build ocean models with high precision. As the global navigation satellite system GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) the rapid development of the global positioning system GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to inversion of ocean tide loading, compared the traditional use of gravity and very long baseline interferometry, with global coverage, the station number, all-weather, low cost and many other The advantages, provides an effective technical means for the refinement of ocean tide model and establishment, in-depth study of the ocean tide loading has important theoretical significance and reference value. Accordingly, study the establishment of high precision tide model of GPS technology. This paper uses the GPS technology to carry out the ocean loading effect and using the systematic study of ocean tides and tides load the basic theory, aiming at the existing problems of the whole tidal load displacement model of lower precision, are carried out by using high precision offshore data of local improvement of the global ocean tide model, and the use of GPS precise point positioning (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) of high precision inversion of ocean tide model, a new algorithm is proposed and established by GPS PPP technology to solve the tidal load displacement model, has achieved remarkable results. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through the tidal effect system research The impact of coastal area and high precision GPS, the existing tidal correction model is applied to the Hongkong area, obtain the influence law of the tides, the tidal tide impact, the pole tide minimum, and the three magnitude effect were centimeter centimeter, millimeter level; tidal effects on the GPS one day less than the dynamic solution, and the influence of tides obvious periodic variation but not completely eliminated by long-term observation; (2) study the ocean loading effects of satellite gravity field recovery, using FES2004 and GOT00 ocean model calculation and analysis the ocean loading effect on satellite gravity field before order 60, results show that the tide the influence of gravity field before 35 order than the gravity field recovery precision, and the ocean tide model difference as the accuracy of the model estimates, analyses the effect of ocean tide model error on the satellite gravity results calculated reveal The influence and effect of offshore is almost equal; (3) the accuracy of the distribution characteristics of in-depth study of the global ocean tide model with high precision offshore tidal data, found that the global ocean models have low precision phenomenon in the offshore region, the local refinement of the global sea tide model using offshore model, comparative analysis of the vertical displacement with gravity offshore results before and after model refinement, the refinement of the global ocean tide model can improve the overall accuracy of the global model using offshore model. (4) for the Hongkong area lack of tidal stations cannot build high precision offshore model, this paper studies and proposes a dynamic PPP algorithm using GPS for three hours to obtain the overlap period Hongkong GPS station coordinate time series, and then combined with the harmonic analysis method and the least square fitting method, the effective construction of the Hongkong area high precision region tide Model. (5) proposed and established the influence of the ocean loading 3D displacement as unknown parameters directly into the GPS PPP model in real time by epoch estimation, and the harmonic analysis algorithm to establish new ocean tide model. Compared with the conventional estimation methods, the new algorithm can effectively avoid the excessive generation of unknown parameters and reduce the calculation efficiency of rank defect other issues. (6) according to GPS location model of residual error will lead to solving the ocean tidal wave parameters for a long time to get the stable convergence of solution, and proposes a new algorithm using the global ocean tide model as prior information to constrain the PPP technology to solve the tidal load displacement model. The results reveal the PPP algorithm compared to conventional PPP technology additional prior information, the tidal wave can significantly accelerate the convergence speed, effectively improve the accuracy of global ocean tidal wave, the accuracy of the model model and model refinement and the establishment of offshore after It's the same.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P228.4

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