中国地图学发展的回顾与展望

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:28

本文关键词： 地图学历史回顾展望大数据互联网　出处：《测绘学报》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文分3部分:第1部分是中国古代和近代地图学发展历史的简要回顾,阐明中国是世界上地图出现最早的国家之一,在世界地图学发展史上占有重要地位,对世界地图学的发展作出过重要贡献,直至15世纪的中国明代,中国地图和地图学始终领先于西方国家,只是清代以后,才落后于西方发达国家;第2部分阐述新中国成立后中国地图事业和地图学飞速发展,在全国地形图的测绘与编制、专题地图与地图集编制、遥感制图、计算机制图、多媒体电子地图、移动通信地图、互联网地图、地图学理论研究等方面取得了巨大成就,赶上了世界先进水平;第3部分提出新世纪中国地图与地图学方向与任务的调整,分析了大数据、互联网和人工智能时代地图学的机遇、挑战与展望。大数据通过三维动态地图可视化,能够显示事物和现象的空间格局与区域分异及时空动态变化,进而作出分析评价、预测预报、区划布局、规划设计、管理调控。因此地图学在大数据时代能够发挥重要作用。今后互联网将成为地图编制与应用的主要平台,地图会更加大众化、个性化、智能化与实用化。
[Abstract]:This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is a brief review of the development history of Chinese cartography in ancient and modern times, which shows that China is one of the earliest countries in the world and plays an important role in the development of cartography. It has made important contributions to the development of world cartography. Until 15th century, in the Ming Dynasty of China, Chinese cartography was always ahead of the western countries, but only after the Qing Dynasty did it lag behind the western developed countries. The second part describes the rapid development of China's cartography and cartography after the founding of New China, mapping and compilation of topographic maps, compilation of thematic maps and atlases, remote sensing mapping, computer mapping, multimedia electronic maps. Great achievements have been made in the field of mobile communication map, Internet map, cartography theory and so on, which have caught up with the advanced level of the world. The third part puts forward the adjustment of the direction and task of Chinese cartography in the new century, and analyzes the opportunity of big data, the Internet and artificial intelligence era of cartography. Challenges and prospects. Big data can visualize the spatial pattern of things and phenomena, regional differentiation and temporal and spatial dynamic changes, and then make analysis and evaluation, forecast and forecast, regional layout. Planning, design, management control. So cartography can play an important role in big data era. In the future, the Internet will become the main platform for map compilation and application, map will be more popular and personalized. Intelligence and practicality.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院;
【分类号】：P28
【正文快照】： 1中国古代和近代地图学发展简要回顾中国是世界文明古国之一,中国的指南针、火药、造纸、印刷术以及其他许多发明传入欧洲,推动了西方文明的发展,尤其是宋代指南针的发明,大大推进了中世纪以后近代航海事业和世界测绘的发展。中国是世界上地图出现最早的国家之一,在世界地图学

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