武汉市黄陂区耕地质量空间分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 09:44

本文关键词： 耕地质量 GIS 空间格局空间自相关黄陂区　出处：《湖北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在人口、资源、环境矛盾日趋突出的今天,为了有效地配置土地资源,适应社会经济的可持续发展,各级政府及职能部门制定了相关政策和规划来统筹城乡管理,发挥市场机制,积极引导耕地由数量管护、质量管护向生态管护转变。城市近郊耕地的保护在城市化的过程中已成为人地矛盾的焦点。如何保护好有限的优质耕地,提高区域系统总体耕地质量水平,保障区域粮食安全是当前亟待解决的问题。我们不仅需要了解耕地资源的数量,更重要的是从质量上、从空间布局上进行分析,制定耕地保护措施,优化土地资源配置。针对这些现状,本文选取武汉市黄陂区开展了以下研究： (1)本文收集了有关黄陂区的2011年土地变更调查数据、水利设施分布图、统计年鉴等资料,在《农用地定级估价规程》(TD/T1004-2003)的基础上结合黄陂区耕地的实际情况选定因子,并通过专家打分法确定权重制定科学的评价体系,评价黄陂区耕地质量现状。研究充分运用GIS技术进行叠置分析、空间插值分析、缓冲分析等,获取了评价单元的属性值,并通过多种数据量化模型的计算,对黄陂区的耕地质量进行了科学的评价。黄陂区耕地质量指数范围在0.70-0.95之间,整体质量较好,该结果与黄陂区的耕地年产值验证显示,评价结果基本与实际符合。 (2)本文运用景观指数分析对耕地质量等级结构的差异性特征以及定性分析了耕地质量影响因素。从耕地质量各等级的数量结构组成角度,计算东北部丘陵区、西北部低山区、中部岗地、滨湖平原区这四个耕作区域及全区的耕地质量的空间分布多样性、集中性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数并对其进行了比较分析。多样性指数、均匀度指数呈现出由山区向平原区递减的趋势,集中性指数和优势度指数呈现平原高于丘陵和山区的地带性特征；洛伦兹曲线结果显示,滨湖平原区的耕地质量离均匀线较远,该区的质量等别分布分散；而东北部丘陵区、西北部低山区离均匀线较近,东北丘陵区最近,表明等别最为集中,耕地质量虽低,但分布均匀。分析耕地质量呈现的分布格局形成的影响因素发现,地貌类型是引起该区域内耕地质量等级在空间分布变化的主要因素,此外,各评价单元所处位置不同,距离中心城市远近不一,农田基础设施有差异,也能影响耕地自身生产潜力的发挥。 (3)文中运用空间自相关测度,从全局自相关和局部自相关两个方面对研究区耕地质量的空间格局进行定量分析,Moran's Ⅰ值(0.63,p0.05)显示区域的耕地质量具有显著空间集聚性,LISA空间聚类图中直观反映主要中部高值聚集区和东北部低值聚集区两个相关性强的区域。这种空间集聚性和南北分异特征为基本农田规划方法提供技术革新,便于优先保护优质耕地资源,并对集中且低质量的耕地实行重点改造,合理划出基本农田保护区和基本农田整备区,为后期基本农田保护规划提供参考。
[Abstract]:In population, resources, environment contradictions become increasingly prominent today, in order to effectively adapt to the allocation of land resources, the sustainable development of social economy, governments at all levels and departments to formulate relevant policies and planning for urban and rural management, play to the market mechanism, and actively guide the transformation of cultivated land from quantity management, quality management to ecological protection. The focus of contradiction between people and land the process of the protection of arable land has become the City suburb in the city. How to protect the limited cultivated land quality, improve the level of regional cultivated land quality system, ensure the regional food security is an urgent problem to be solved. We not only need to know the quantity of cultivated land resources, more important is the quality, from the analysis of the spatial layout on the making of cultivated land protection measures, optimize the allocation of land resources. Aiming at this situation, this paper selects Wuhan District of Huangpi city to carry out the following research:
(1) this paper collected on Huangpi District in 2011 the land change survey data, the distribution map of water conservancy facilities, statistical yearbook, rules > < the agricultural land grading and evaluation (TD/T1004-2003) based on the actual situation of cultivated land in Huangpi region of the selected factors, and through expert scoring method to determine the weight of the scientific evaluation system. Evaluation of the current situation of cultivated land in Huangpi region. The quality of study will make full use of GIS technology for overlay analysis, spatial interpolation analysis, buffer analysis, the attribute evaluation unit value, and through the calculation of a variety of quantitative data model, the quality of cultivated land in Huangpi District of Huangpi district. The scientific evaluation of cultivated land quality index is in the range of 0.70-0.95, the overall quality is better, the results and the annual output of arable land in Huangpi District show, evaluation results are basically consistent with actual situation.
(2) based on the landscape index analysis of cultivated land quality grade structure characteristics and the qualitative analysis of the factors affecting the quality of cultivated land quantity structure. From the quality of cultivated land in each level consists of angle calculation of northeast hilly region, northwest low mountain, central hillock, diversity and distribution of cultivated land quality in Binhu region and the region of the four flat the original area of farming space, concentration index, evenness index, dominance index and comparative analysis on the diversity index, evenness index showed a decreasing trend from the mountains to the plains, centralized means zonal characteristic numbers and dominance index showed higher than that of plain hills and mountains; Lorenz the curve showed that the quality of cultivated land in Binhu plain area is far from uniform line, the quality of distribution of dispersion; Northeast and northwest Low Mountain hilly region, closer to uniform line, northeast Hilly Region Recently, don't show that the most concentrated, the quality of cultivated land is low, but the distribution factors of cultivated land quality. The distribution pattern of the effect that landform is mainly caused by the factors, changes in the distribution of land quality in the region in space. In addition, each evaluation unit in different locations, the distance from the center of the city no, the agricultural infrastructure is different, can also play their own influence the cultivated land production potential.
(3) the use of spatial autocorrelation measurement in this paper, from the global and local autocorrelation two aspects of spatial pattern on cultivated land quality in the study area for quantitative analysis, Moran's (0.63, P0.05) value of display of cultivated land quality has significant spatial clustering, LISA spatial clustering diagram reflect the main central high value gathering area and northeast low value of two a strong correlation between the regional agglomeration area. The spatial agglomeration and north-south differentiation characteristics provide technological innovation as the basic farmland planning methods, to give priority to the protection of cultivated land resources, and focus on the transformation of low concentration and the quality of cultivated land, reasonable to draw the basic farmland protection areas and basic farmland development area later, to provide reference for the basic farmland protection planning.

【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;F323.211

【相似文献】