基于GIS的多目标动态水资源优化配置研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 06:04

本文关键词： 水资源优化配置地理信息系统多目标动态生态修复干涸河流　出处：《天津大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：流域的水资源供需矛盾和生态恶化问题已经严重影响到了地区经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高。本文针对这两个突出问题展开研究。在研究国内外水资源优化配置和生态修复进展的基础上，形成了本文的研究思路和方法。本文在研究水资源配置系统论、多目标优化以及动态规划等理论基础上构建了多目标动态的水资源优化配置模型。该模型以Visual Basic语言为工具，，以时段各用户的整体满意度为目标，利用改进的单纯形法进行求解计算，并在此基础上增加了时间变量，使水资源配置达到动态优化平衡的效果。为了使多目标动态水资源优化配置模型具有更好的可视化效果，将该模型与地理信息系统（GIS）进行耦合，形成了基于GIS的水资源优化配置系统。该系统在建设中使用了大量不同结构和不同格式的数据，采用ArcGIS、Oracle、VB等多种软件平台和多种集成技术将研究区域的DEM数据、地理信息数据、水利工程数据、优化配置方案及结果等集成到一个统一的平台中，便于水资源配置的人机交互，大大提高了水资源的管理和可视化水平。针对淮河干流正阳关到洪泽湖区域枯水期水资源供需矛盾突出的现状，将本文建立的基于GIS的多目标动态水资源优化配置模型应用于该区域。在研究淮河干流某区段枯水期水资源概况、可供水量、各用户需水量等基础上，对其在现状水平年、近期和远期规划水平年不同保证率的组合方案下的水资源进行优化配置计算。将优化配置结果与区域的水利工程、取水口等信息进行分类分层查询和展示，实现属性信息和空间信息交互。同时，根据优化配置计算结果编制水资源调度方案，应用于淮河干流枯水期的水资源优化配置及调度。针对我国很多河流河道干涸、生态恶化的现状，本文以海河流域为例，调研了海河流域平原河流的概况及生态演变，研究了干涸河流的生态修复问题。该区域河流的生态问题主要表现在水量减少、水质恶化、河道干涸沙化及生物多样性衰退。针对现状，提出了干涸河道的生态修复措施，对能够满足生态基流的河道，进行补水，逐步恢复河流生态；对无法满足生态基流的河道，建议采用草地等生态系统替代。同时，应用HEC-RAS软件对典型干涸河道进行了小流量过流模拟，为干涸河流的生态修复提供了理论依据，可为类似地区干涸河流生态修复提供参考。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and ecological deterioration have seriously affected the development of regional economy and the improvement of people's living standard. This paper studies these two outstanding problems and studies the optimization of water resources at home and abroad. Configuration and ecological restoration based on progress. The research ideas and methods of this paper are formed. The system theory of water resources allocation is studied in this paper. On the basis of multi-objective optimization and dynamic programming theory, a multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model is constructed, which is based on Visual Basic language. Taking the overall satisfaction of each user in the time period as the goal, the improved simplex method is used to solve the problem, and on this basis, the time variable is added to achieve the effect of dynamic optimal balance of water resources allocation. In order to make the multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model have better visualization effect, the model is coupled with GIS (Geographic Information system). A water resources optimal allocation system based on GIS is formed, in which a large number of data with different structures and formats are used, and ArcGIS-Oracle is used in the system. VB and other software platforms and integration technologies integrate the DEM data, geographic information data, hydraulic engineering data, optimal configuration scheme and results into a unified platform. The human-computer interaction of water resources allocation greatly improves the management and visualization of water resources. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the dry period from Zhengyang to Hongze Lake in the main stream of Huaihe River is obvious. The multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model based on GIS is applied to this area. Based on the study of the water resources in a section of the Huaihe River in the dry season, the available water supply and the water demand of the users are studied. The optimal allocation of water resources in the current level year, short-term planning level year and long-term planning level year is calculated under the combination scheme of different guarantee rate, and the optimal allocation result is compared with the regional water conservancy project. In order to realize the interaction of attribute information and spatial information, the water resources scheduling scheme is compiled according to the results of optimal configuration calculation. It is applied to the optimal allocation and dispatch of water resources in the dry season of the main stream of the Huaihe River. In view of the situation that many rivers in China are drying up and ecological deterioration, this paper investigates the general situation and ecological evolution of the plain rivers in Haihe River Basin, taking the Haihe River Basin as an example. This paper studies the ecological restoration of dry rivers. The main ecological problems of rivers in this region are the decrease of water quantity, the deterioration of water quality, the dry desertification of river channels and the decline of biodiversity. The ecological restoration measures of the dry river are put forward, which can satisfy the basic ecological current and restore the river ecology step by step. For the river which can not meet the ecological basic flow, it is suggested to replace the ecosystem such as grassland. At the same time, the small flow overflow simulation of typical dry river is carried out by using HEC-RAS software. It provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of dry rivers and a reference for the ecological restoration of dry rivers in similar areas.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TV213.4

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