基于RS和GIS技术的矿山地质环境承载力研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 05:31

本文关键词： 矿山地质环境承载力综合评价法遥感地理信息系统　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：矿山地质环境承载力建立了矿业开发与地质环境之间的密切联系，是实现资源配置、国土规划的重要举措，也是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重点内容。研究区植被覆盖率高、水资源、铁矿石资源丰富，并且作为北京市重要的水源地和铁矿基地，不仅是生态涵养发展区，而且也是首都经济重点拓展区域，因而为了平衡矿业开发与环境保护之间关系，在该地区开展矿山地质环境承载力评价显得尤为重要。论文在系统总结矿山地质环境承载力的内涵和特点、研究方法和技术的基础上，从可持续发展角度，，利用遥感和地理信息系统技术，探索符合矿产资源特点、区域发展规划的研究理论和方法，为区域发展提供一定的思路和建议。第一，在资料分析和野外调查的基础上，采用综合评价法构建以自然环境、社会经济、基础地质、矿山开发、矿山环境为指标的多级评价体系，以MATLAB软件为工具，计算指标权重。第二，以IKONOS高空间分辨率的遥感影像为基础，依次进行数据融合、几何校正、图像镶嵌、波段选择、色调调整、信息提取、图像分类等工作，为后续研究提供基础数据。第三，以GIS软件为基础，开展栅矢转化、分级赋值、网格计算等数据处理，分级统计矿山地质环境承载力状况；采用空间统计方法，挖掘矿山地质环境承载力空间信息，分析空间布局模式，针对性的解释区域承载力的分布原因。第四，通过分析矿山地质环境承载力属性特征和空间特征，针对矿山地质环境承载能力较好的区域，提出建设生态涵养系统、重点发展生态经济、合理规划城乡发展等建议；针对矿山开发秩序混乱、矿山占地较多的前安岭、怀北庄等承载力较差区域，提出提出扩大资源整合范围、加强非法开采监查力度、推进矿山环境恢复治理等对策。通过对密云-怀柔铁矿区矿山环境环境承载力研究，不仅描述了矿山开发特点和地质环境系统特征，判断矿业发展与环境系统是否协调，而且为区域可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The bearing capacity of mine geological environment establishes the close relationship between mining development and geological environment, is an important measure to realize the allocation of resources and land planning, and is also the construction of resource-conserving type. The research area has high vegetation coverage, rich water resources and iron ore resources, and as an important water source and iron ore base in Beijing, it is not only an ecological conservation and development area. In order to balance the relationship between mining development and environmental protection, it is very important to evaluate the bearing capacity of geological environment in this area. On the basis of systematically summarizing the connotation and characteristics of the bearing capacity of mine geological environment, and on the basis of the research methods and techniques, from the point of view of sustainable development, the paper makes use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology to explore the characteristics of mineral resources. The research theory and method of regional development plan provide some ideas and suggestions for regional development. First, on the basis of data analysis and field investigation, a multi-level evaluation system with natural environment, social economy, basic geology, mine development and mine environment is constructed by comprehensive evaluation method. With MATLAB software as the tool, calculate the index weight. Secondly, based on IKONOS high spatial resolution remote sensing image, data fusion, geometric correction, image mosaic, band selection, hue adjustment, information extraction, image classification and so on are carried out in turn. To provide basic data for follow-up research. Thirdly, on the basis of GIS software, the data processing such as gate vector transformation, grading assignment, grid calculation and so on are carried out, and the carrying capacity of mine geological environment is classified and counted. The spatial information of mine geological environment carrying capacity is excavated by spatial statistical method, the spatial layout pattern is analyzed, and the distribution reason of regional bearing capacity is explained. In 4th, by analyzing the attribute and spatial characteristics of mine geological environment bearing capacity, the author puts forward the construction of ecological conservation system and the development of ecological economy in view of the area with better bearing capacity of mine geological environment. Rational planning of urban and rural development; Aiming at the poor carrying capacity of Qiananling and Huaibeizhuang, where the order of mine development is chaotic and the mines occupy more land, the paper proposes to expand the scope of resources integration and to strengthen the supervision and inspection of illegal mining. Promote the mine environment recovery and control and other countermeasures. By studying the environmental carrying capacity of mine in Miyun Huairou iron mine area, not only the characteristics of mine development and geological environment system are described, but also the coordination between mining development and environmental system is judged. It also provides theoretical basis and technical support for regional sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P237;X82

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