PSInSAR监测矿区地表沉降中永久散射体目标点选取方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 03:39

本文关键词： PSInSAR 地表沉降永久散射体选取阈值　出处：《太原理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是把煤炭作为主要能源的国家,而大规模的开采与利用煤炭及其他的固体矿产资源,在带来巨大效益的同时也造成了一系列开采损害和环境问题,其中矿区地表的沉降变形不仅破坏了地表建筑物,也对矿区工业设备与民用设施造成了危害,给人民安全和社会稳定留下了安全隐患。通常监测地表形变的方法有传统大地水准测量、光电测距仪测量与GPS测量,其中InSAR技术具有全天时全天候、穿透能力强大等特点,而PSInSAR技术尤为适宜监测长时间缓慢地表形变,只需要通过影像判别、永久散射体选取与处理,就能分析得到其形变速率,进而分析出区域的形变速率场。但以往PSInSAR应用与研究都主要集中于监测城市的地表沉降,用于监测矿区地表沉降的应用与研究都相对比较少。PS点的识别方法是PSInSAR技术的重要关键之一,能有效地识别可靠而准确的点是PSInSAR技术实现的前提和必要的条件,PS散射体从实体点类型来看,城市与矿区的地表情况差异较大,对PSInSAR中永久散射体目标点提取方法的选择要求与每种方法的阈值设置要求均会有不同。本文具体有以下几个方面的工作：首先,本文在查阅大量文献的基础上对PSInSAR的技术原理和数据处理流程和关键技术以及实践应用进行了全面系统性的总结。其次,本文详细介绍了目前常用PS识别与选取方法,且具体分析了各自的数学模型与实现方法。最后,为了直观对比不同PS点目标选取方法的效果,选取了具有典型性的实验区域基于4种识别方法分别进行PS选取实验,根据结果结合矿区地表形态分析了几种方法的优点与不足,验证了各方法在监测矿区地表沉降中提取形变信息的可靠性。且通过处理了覆盖矿区的9景SAR影像的实验,讨论了公共主影像选取、主辅影像配准、相位解缠等PSInSAR中的其他关键技术,并以相干系数法提取出的PS目标点分析得到研究区的形变数据与区域形变图,划分了三块沉降区并简单分析沉降原因和提出治理建议。
[Abstract]:China is a country that takes coal as the main energy, and large-scale mining and utilization of coal and other solid mineral resources, not only bring huge benefits, but also cause a series of mining damage and environmental problems. The subsidence and deformation of the mining area not only destroy the surface buildings, but also cause harm to the industrial equipment and civil facilities in the mining area. It has left a hidden danger to the safety and social stability of the people. Usually, the methods of monitoring the surface deformation include the traditional geodetic survey, the photoelectric rangefinder and the GPS measurement. Among them, InSAR technology has the characteristics of all-weather, all-weather, strong penetration ability, and PSInSAR technology is especially suitable for monitoring slow surface deformation for a long time, only through image discrimination. The deformation rate can be obtained by selecting and processing the permanent scatterer, and then the deformation rate field in the region can be analyzed. But in the past, the application and research of PSInSAR mainly focused on the monitoring of urban surface subsidence. The application and research of monitoring ground subsidence in mining area are relatively few. PS points identification method is one of the important keys of PSInSAR technology. Effective identification of reliable and accurate points is a prerequisite and necessary condition for PSInSAR technology to realize PS scatterers. According to the type of solid points, there is a big difference between urban and mining areas. The selection requirements of the target point extraction method for permanent scatterers in PSInSAR will be different from the threshold setting requirements of each method. Firstly, this paper summarizes the technical principle, data processing flow, key technology and practical application of PSInSAR on the basis of consulting a lot of literature. Secondly. This paper introduces the current common PS recognition and selection methods, and analyzes their mathematical models and implementation methods. Finally, in order to compare the results of different PS point target selection methods. The typical experimental area is selected and the advantages and disadvantages of several methods are analyzed according to the results of PS selection experiment based on four recognition methods. The reliability of the methods to extract deformation information in monitoring the surface subsidence of mining area is verified. The selection of common main image and the registration of main and secondary images are discussed through the experiment of processing 9 SAR images covering the mining area. Other key techniques in PSInSAR, such as phase unwrapping, and the analysis of PS target points extracted by coherence coefficient method, are used to obtain the deformation data and regional deformation map of the studied area. Three settlement areas are divided and the causes of settlement are analyzed and some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD327;P225

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