基于DEM的黄土高原流域面积高程积分谱系研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 17:53

本文关键词： 黄土高原面积高程积分流域地貌数字高程模型数字地形分析　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：面积高程积分(Hypsometric Integral)是一种具有明确物理含义和地貌学意义的地形分析指标。作为一种宏观的地貌分析指标与方法,面积高程积分虽能定量地揭示流域发育特征,但其分析的理论与方法体系亟待完善。特别是,虽然前人对部分流域的面积高程积分展开过分析讨论,但基于该指标与方法对于区域性的流域地貌发育及地貌空间格局的系统研究明显不足。本文首先系统地分析了面积高程积分的基本概念,对其特征属性、影响因素及分类体系进行深入探讨。在此基础上提出了流域面积高程积分谱系的概念模型、地学含义、组成要素及分析方法。基于数字地形分析及地学信息图谱方法,以黄土高原重点水土流失区,特别是其中多级典型流域为实验样区,以多尺度数字高程模型(DEM)为基本信息源,研究基于流域面积高程积分谱系分析黄土高原流域地貌形态的方法,获得了对黄土流域地貌及空间分异特征的新认识,得到了基于流域面积高程积分谱系的黄土高原重点水土流失区地貌分区图。论文主要的研究内容和结论如下： 1.在明确面积高程积分基本性质的基础上,提出了流域面积高程积分谱系的概念模型,特别围绕其衍生的各类分析方法,展开深入研究与分析。研究表明,流域面积高程积分谱系能够对原有面积高程积分的地形形态表达进行有效补充,通过系统地对流域内部各地形特征要素的面积高程积分表达,在相当程度上丰富了面积高程积分的理论体系与分析方法。 2.在系统分析流域特征要素的基础上,构建了流域面积高程积分谱系的指标组合。实验结果显示,以不同的地形特征要素作为面积高程积分分析的地理对象所构建的一系列面积高程积分值和积分曲线,能够有效表达流域整体与局部的地貌形态与发育特征；根据地形特征要素面积高程积分相关性的差异,所遴选出的“流域边界-沟沿线-主沟谷”和“流域-沟谷网络-主沟谷”两组参数,可作为分析流域基本形态特征与发育进程的基本分析指标。 3.面向空间序列上典型的黄土小流域,分析了面积高程积分的尺度效应。从高程分级,DEM分辨率以及地域稳定面积三个方面分析发现：绘制积分曲线时采用100级高程分级既可满足精度要求,又能保证计算效率；DEM分辨率对面积高程积分的影响敏感性较弱,在不同分辨率条件下积分值基本保持稳定；黄土小流域面积超过10平方公里时,面积高程积分达到一定的相似性及地域稳定性。 4.分别以空间序列典型样区小流域和时间序列模拟小流域为分析对象,讨论了面积高程积分谱系的变化特征。研究表明,谱系中的各指标量值在黄土高原地理空间上呈现有序分布；不同发育阶段的模拟小流域也显示,面积高程积分在时间上具有较好的地貌发育对应性。以黄土高原重点水土流失区作为研究区域,所构建的面积高程积分多指标系列地图,反映出黄土高原重点水土流失区中的大部分小流域虽尚处于地貌发育过程的壮年期,但仍呈现东西向及南北向在发育进程上的空间差异性。论文的创新点总结为：首次提出了流域面积高程积分谱系的概念模型与分析框架。面积高程积分曲线序列及属性序列的有机组合,在流域地貌研究中所呈现的形态、数量及过程变化特征,能够较深刻地揭示流域地貌的外在表现与发育规律,实现在地貌学理论与分析方法上的创新。基于面积高程积分谱系对黄土高原重点流失区的研究,从一个全新的视角深入审视黄土高原流域地貌特征及在宏观上的空间格局特征。该研究也是基于海量DEM数据进行区域地貌研究的一次有益的探索,是GIS数字地形分析方法的创新实践。
[Abstract]:Area elevation integral (Hypsometric Integral) is a kind of analysis index has clear physical meaning and geomorphological significance of terrain. As a kind of macro landform analysis indexes and methods, area elevation integral can quantitatively reveal the characteristics of watershed development, but the theory and method system of the analysis needs to be improved. Especially, although previous to the area the integral part of the basin elevation has launched the analysis and discussion, but the indicators and methods based on the systematical research on watershed landform and landscape spatial pattern of the region is obviously insufficient. This paper systematically analyzed the basic concept of area elevation integral, the characteristic attribute, in-depth to explore the influencing factors and classification system based on this. The conceptual model of watershed area elevation integral spectrum, study meaning, elements and methods of analysis. Spectra analysis and information science based on Digital Terrain In the Loess Plateau, soil erosion area, especially the multi typical basin as the study area, based on multi scale digital elevation model (DEM) as the basic information source of watershed area elevation integral spectrum analysis method of watershed topography of the Loess Plateau Based on the gained new understanding of the landform and the spatial differentiation characteristics of loess basin the Loess Plateau has been the key areas of soil erosion landform zoning map of watershed area elevation integral pedigree. Based on the main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
1. based on the basic properties of clear area of Gao Cheng integral, put forward the concept model of basin area of the Gao Cheng integral lineage, especially around the derivative of the various analysis methods, in-depth research and analysis. The study shows that the basin area of the Gao Cheng integral spectrum can effectively supplement the expression of the original area of high integration terrain shape, through the system the internal area of the Gao Cheng basin terrain feature integral expression, to a considerable extent, enriches the theory system and analysis method of area of the Gao Cheng integral.
2. based on the analysis of basin feature, construct the index combined drainage area of Gao Cheng integral spectrum. Experimental results show that the topographical features of different elements as a series of integral area of the Gao Cheng Gao Cheng integral analysis area geographical object constructed value and integral curve, it can effectively express the whole basin and geomorphic features and development local form; according to the difference of terrain features elements of the Gao Cheng integral area correlation, the selected "basin boundary - ditch along the main Valley" and "River Valley gully Network - the main" two groups of parameters, can be used as the basic indicators for the development process and the basic characteristics of the basin.
3. typical for the spatial sequence of Loess Watershed, analyzes the scale effect of area elevation integral. From elevation classification, DEM resolution and regional stability area of three aspects analysis: draw the integral curve using 100 stage altitude classification can meet the precision requirement, and can guarantee the calculation efficiency; the resolution of the DEM effect on the area elevation the integral sensitivity is weak, in different resolution under the condition of integral value remained stable; the area more than 10 square kilometers of small watershed in loess area, elevation points to the similarity and regional stability.
4. small watershed in the typical region of space sequence and time sequence simulation in the small watershed as the research object, discusses the variation of area elevation integral spectrum. The results show that the index value of the spectrum showing ordered spatial distribution in the Loess Plateau; small watershed simulation at different developmental stages also show that the area elevation integral with the development of good correspondence features in time. To focus on the soil loss region of Loess Plateau as the study area, the area elevation integral multi index series map, reflect the Loess Plateau soil erosion of small watershed in the area most is still in the process of landform development period, but still has something to and from north to south in the development process of the spatial differences.
The innovation points of this paper are summarized as follows:
For the first time put forward the concept model and analysis framework of basin area elevation integral spectrum. The organic combination of area elevation integral curve sequence and attribute sequences, presented in the study of basin geomorphology in the morphology, number and variation process, external performance and development rule can deeply reveal watershed topography, geomorphology and analysis to achieve innovation in theory methods. The study area elevation integral pedigree in Loess Plateau Area Based on the loss of focus, an in-depth look at the characteristics of watershed in Loess Plateau physiognomy from a new perspective and spatial pattern on the macroscopic characteristics. A useful exploration of the research is to study regional landform based on massive DEM data, is the practice of innovation analysis method the GIS digital terrain.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P931.1

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