基于DEM的江淮平原区微地貌数字表达及其水环境应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 10:53

本文关键词： 江淮平原地形对象平原微地貌数字分类体系地形湿度指数　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国平原区广泛分布着农田块地、沟渠、堤坝及岗地等经过人工改造或与人类生活密切相关的典型平原区微地貌。由于这类微地貌分布广泛、高程差小且形态复杂,使现有格网DEM难以对其进行有效数字表达和准确数字地形分析,导致现有格网DEM在江淮平原区的洪水淹没分析和数字地形分析结果难以满足水环境应用等各类应用需求。为此,本文以江淮平原区为例,建立江淮平原区微地貌数字分类体系,并以面向对象的思想构建出典型微地形对象,将其无缝嵌入到格网DEM对象中,形成一种顾及微地形对象的新型DEM(Terrain-object Oriented DEM,简称“TODEM”),并把该DEM应用到江淮平原区地表水环境研究中。本文重点对江淮平原区微地貌的特征、数字分类及微地形对象的概念、数据组织、构建方法及其在地表水环境中的应用等问题进行研究,取得了以下主要研究成果:(1)以30m分辨率的DEM数据为基础,并结合地貌学和自然地理学中有关平原区的划定标准,较为准确地定量划分出江淮平原区的分布范围。并建立江淮平原区微地貌数字分类体系。(2)在平原区微地貌数字分类的基础上,选取韩村镇为研究区,提取研究区内的典型微地形对象,实现研究区内微地形对象及顾及微地形对象的DEM构建,并应用到研究区地形湿度指数的计算。相比于由传统格网DEM获取区域地形湿度指数的方法,由顾及微地形对象的DEM获取的地形湿度指数能更好地反映地表水的空间分布及径流规律。(3)研究区地形湿度指数的范围在-1.34 31.94之间,且研究区内农田块地的地形湿度指数主要在6.46至19.46之间。河道、渠道等具有贮水性或输水性的典型微地貌的地形湿度指数均大于19.46。地形湿度指数较大的区域,除分布在河道、渠道等水体区域外,主要分布在研究区西南部及河道、渠道等组成的水系交汇处。地形湿度指数较小的区域,主要分布在研究区内地势较高处,以及河道、渠道等微地貌的坡面区域。(4)阐明了研究区顾及微地貌的地形湿度指数分布特征及其所具有的地表水环境的空间分布与径流意义。
[Abstract]:Typical plain landforms, such as farmland, ditches, dikes and hillocks, are widely distributed in the plain areas of China after artificial transformation or are closely related to human life. Due to the wide distribution of these microlandforms, the elevation difference is small and the shape is complex. It is difficult for the existing grid DEM to express effectively and accurately digital terrain analysis, which leads to the inundation analysis of the existing grid DEM in the Jianghuai Plain area and the results of the digital terrain analysis to meet the needs of various applications such as the application of water environment. Taking the Jianghuai plain area as an example, this paper establishes the digital classification system of the micro-geomorphology in the Jianghuai plain area, and constructs the typical micro-terrain object with the object oriented thought, and embeds it seamlessly into the grid DEM object. A new type of DEM(Terrain-object Oriented den (TODEM), which takes account of micro-terrain objects, is formed and applied to the study of surface water environment in the Jianghuai Plain. This paper focuses on the characteristics, digital classification, concept and data organization of micro-geomorphology in the Jianghuai Plain. The construction method and its application in surface water environment were studied. The following main research results were obtained: 1) based on 30m resolution DEM data, combined with the criteria for the delineation of plain areas in geomorphology and natural geography. The distribution range of Jianghuai plain area is accurately and quantitatively divided, and the digital classification system of micro-geomorphology in Jianghuai plain area is established. On the basis of the numerical classification of micro-geomorphology in plain area, Hancun Town is selected as the study area. The typical micro-terrain objects in the research area are extracted, and the DEM construction of the micro-terrain objects and the micro-terrain objects in the research area are realized. Compared with the traditional grid DEM method, the method is applied to the calculation of the topographic humidity index of the study area, and compared with the method of obtaining the regional topography humidity index from the traditional grid DEM. The topographic humidity index obtained by DEM with the consideration of micro-terrain objects can better reflect the spatial distribution of surface water and runoff law.) the range of topographic humidity index in the study area is -1.34 ~ 31.94. In the study area, the topographic humidity index of farmland was between 6.46 and 19.46. The topographic humidity index of typical micro-landforms, such as watercourses and canals, was higher than 19.46.The region with larger topographic humidity index was distributed in river channels. Outside the canal and other water bodies, they are mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the study area and the river channel, and where the topography and humidity index are small, they are mainly distributed in the higher terrain and the river channel in the study area. The distribution characteristics of topographic humidity index and the spatial distribution of surface water environment and the significance of runoff in the study area are expounded.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208;P343

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