基于遥感和GIS的星云湖地区聚落空间格局分布状况研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 02:09

本文关键词： 遥感 GIS 星云湖地区聚落空间格局分布状况　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚落是人类改造自然的结果,同时也是人类活动的主要空间场所。随着人类环境意识的提高,探讨聚落和环境因素之间的相互影响制约关系,便于更好地协调人地关系,促进社会经济的可持续发展,因此对聚落的空间研究具有实际现实意义。本文在借鉴其他学者对聚落研究的基础上,运用Arcgis、Envi、Fragstats、SPSS等数据处理与分析软件,结合遥感、GIS测绘学以及地理学方面的相关知识,对高原湖泊星云湖地区聚落空间格局分布状况进行了深入探讨,其中以GIS空间关联分析和探索性空间分析为主,结合空间景观指数对景观尺度、类型尺度上动态变化状态进行了定性和定量分析,此外结合已有分布模式相关概念对研究区现有空间格局分布模式进行了粗略探讨。取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)基于GIS空间分析得出聚落分布呈现出向地势低且平坦、道路网密集、亲水性地区分布的特征,且坝区内地形简单,交通便利、水源丰富从而聚落密度和规模较大,山区地势高,交通闭塞且水土流失严重而造成聚落分布零散且人口密度相对较少。(2)耕地分布、人口密度、人均收入和社会经济状况等人文环境因素对聚落空间格局状况的影响也较为显著,耕作较为精细时会形成规模小而密度大的密集型村庄,反之,易形成规模较大而密度较小的乡村聚落,江川县中部地区人口较为稠密,越往外围人口逐渐稀疏,人口密集程度与聚落密度呈正相关关系,同时人口数与人均纯收入也呈正相关关系,因此人口密度、人均收入也成为聚落变迁的重要推动力。(3)研究区以探索性空间分析得到乡村聚落分布呈现出均衡性和集聚性以及“南密北疏”中部地区高密度并向外围减少的空间格局分布状态,以大街镇和江城镇两个区域为中心聚落密度向外递减;研究区乡村聚落的规模分布也存在明显的空间依赖性并且乡村聚落规模分布出现多个高值聚簇区,研究区高值的聚居现象较为显著。(4)在江川县聚落的演变过程中,聚落整体的景观形态呈现出稳定与扩张的交替变化,经历了由不稳定形态逐渐向稳定形态演化的过程,也经历了聚落斑块扩散式分散性增长到粘合式集聚性增长的过程,1995-2010年的10年间是聚落变化最为突出的一年,表现出经济背景下聚落的快速变化。(5)借鉴已有的模式分析成果将江川县的空间分布模式总结为汇流式、聚合式和渐进式共存的分布状态。江川县聚落空间分布最初主要依附于河流水系、交通公路、以及平原地势,呈现出汇流式的空间分布模式,随着大街镇和江城镇两个区域成为中心村镇后,规模较大的乡村聚落开始发挥起中心地作用,零散分布型的乡村聚落向近距离的中心乡村聚落迁移,形成聚落簇团,呈现出聚合式发展模式,随着经济上产生的巨大差距,使得聚落的空间发展状态逐步显现出经济落后型的乡村聚落向经济发达地区迁移,并且此迁移过程越来越显著,最终向渐进式发展模式过渡。本文运用基于遥感的景观生态学与GIS空间分析相结合的方法,对聚落空间格局分布状态进行了分析研究,定性的分析了聚落整体分布特征、相关因子之间的相互关系以及聚落在斑块尺度上的动态变化,为日后聚落的相关研究提供借鉴与参考。
[Abstract]:The settlement of human nature is the result, but also the main place of human activities. With the increasing awareness of the human environment, to explore the interaction between the settlement and the environmental factors, to better facilitate the coordinator of the relationship, promote the sustainable development of social economy, so the study of the village space has practical significance in this paper. On the basis of other scholars on the settlement study, using Arcgis, Envi, Fragstats, SPSS and other data processing and analysis software, combined with remote sensing, GIS related knowledge of Surveying and mapping and geography, the spatial pattern of settlement distribution of Plateau Lake Xingyun Lake area are discussed, which based on GIS spatial analysis and exploration spatial analysis, combined with the landscape index on the landscape scale, the dynamic changes of state type scale through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and combined with the existing The related concept of distribution pattern roughly explored in the study area the existing spatial distribution pattern. The main results are as follows: (1) GIS spatial analysis of settlement distribution showing a low and flat terrain based on road network density, hydrophilic region distribution characteristics, and the terrain is simple, convenient transportation, abundant water in order to settlement density and large scale, high mountain terrain, blocking traffic and serious soil erosion caused by the distribution of settlements scattered and relatively small population density. (2) the distribution of cultivated land, population density, per capita income and social economic status and environmental factors on the status of human settlement spatial pattern is also significant, fine farming will form small scale and intensive villages, large density and easy to form larger and smaller density of rural settlements, the central area of Jiangchuan County, the population is more dense, more to the periphery The mouth is sparse, dense population density was positively related to the severity of the settlement, at the same time, population and the per capita net income is positively correlated to the population density, per capita income has become an important driving force for the settlement changes. (3) the study area to explore the space of rural settlements distribution shows the spatial distribution of equilibrium and agglomeration and "Nanmibei Shu" in central area of high density and reduced to the periphery, to two street town and river town center area for settlement density descended; size distribution of rural settlements has obvious spatial dependence and the size distribution of rural settlements appeared in a number of high value cluster region, concentrated on the phenomenon of the high value is more significant. (4) the evolution of settlements in Jiangchuan County, the whole settlement landscape form showing alternation of stability and expansion, experienced by the unstable form The process gradually evolves to a stable form, also experienced settlement patches diffusion dispersion growth to adhesive type agglomeration process of growth for 1995-2010 years, 10 years is the most prominent settlement changes a year, showing the rapid economic changes under the background of the settlement. (5) using the existing model analysis results will be summarized in Jiangchuan the spatial distribution pattern for the county bus type, aggregation and progressive coexistence distribution. Jiangchuan county was mainly dependent on the spatial distribution of settlement of river, highway, and plain terrain, showing the distribution mode converging type space, with street town and river town two areas become the center of town, large scale the rural settlement center starts to play the role, the scattered rural settlements to rural settlements near the center distance of migration, the formation of the settlement clusters, showing the polymerization type development, with the economic production The huge gap between the students, the settlement space development status gradually transfer rural settlement of economic backwardness to the economically developed areas, and the migration process is becoming more and more obvious, ultimately to the progressive development mode transition. This paper applies the method of landscape ecology and spatial analysis of GIS remote sensing based on the combination of the settlement, the spatial distribution of state the analysis and research, qualitative analysis of the overall settlement distribution, dynamic changes in plaque scale on the relationship between factors and settlement, and provide reference for the related research on settlement.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237;P208;C912.8

【参考文献】