基于GIS和几何平均数模型的流域生态安全评估及在各因子中的分异特征——以星云湖流域为例

发布时间：2018-03-02 07:40

本文关键词： 几何平均数模型 GIS技术生态安全格局空间分异星云湖流域　出处：《水土保持研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：结合几何平均数模型和GIS技术,选取海拔高程、坡度、土壤侵蚀强度、地质灾害易发性、土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、距自然生态保护区距离、距离建设用地、人口密度和距水源距离10个指标对星云湖流域生态安全进行评价,分析了该区域生态安全的空间分异规律和形成机理。研究表明:星云湖流域平均生态安全指数为2.33,中度安全面积占流域总面积的42.34%,高度安全占22.84%,较低安全占26.43%,不安全面积为32.117km~2,占8.39%,说明流域生态安全总体以中度安全为主,生态系统健康一般;从空间上,流域生态安全较低区主要集中分布于北部、东部和南部以及城市建筑密集区,除了城市建筑密集区受人类干扰较强外,其余地区坡度和地形起伏较大,景观较为破碎,水土流失较为严重且有过地质灾害发生,这些地区是生态保护和建设的重点区域。生态安全等级在综合评价下的结果与单因子评价下的结果存在较大差异,区域生态安全受多重因素的综合影响,单因子评价难以精确全面反映区域生态安全的空间分异规律特征和成因机理,各因子之间存在相互促进和相互抑制的作用关系,流域自然环境要素坡度、水资源环境和水土流失以及人类活动干扰要素土地利用格局、距离建设用地远近等因子是形成流域生态安全格局的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Combined with the geometrical average model and GIS technology, selected elevation, slope, soil erosion intensity, prone to geological disasters, land use types, vegetation coverage, distance from the natural ecological protection zone, the distance of construction land, population density and distance to water 10 indicators to evaluate the ecological security of Xingyun Lake basin analysis the ecological security of the region's spatial distribution and formation mechanism. The study shows that the average Xingyun Lake basin ecological security index was 2.33, moderate security area accounted for 42.34% of the total area of basin, high security 22.84%, low safety accounted for 26.43%, unsafe area is 32.117km~2, accounting for 8.39%, indicating the watershed ecological security moderate security based, ecosystem health in general; from the space, the lower basin ecological security area mainly distributed in the northern, Eastern and southern city and built-up areas, in addition to city building dense area Human disturbance is strong, the rest of the slope and the undulating terrain, the landscape is broken, soil erosion is more serious and had the occurrence of geological disasters, these areas are the key areas of ecological protection and construction of ecological security level in the comprehensive evaluation of the results of single factor evaluation and the results are quite different, the regional ecological security the combined effects of multiple factors, characteristics and mechanism of differentiation of single factor evaluation is difficult to accurately reflect the regional ecological security space, there is mutual promotion and interaction of inhibition of the relationship between each factor, watershed natural environment factors of slope, soil erosion and water resources environment and human disturbance factors in the land use pattern, the distance of construction land the distance factor is the main factor in the formation of ecological security pattern.

【作者单位】：云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院云南省地理研究所;云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室;
【基金】：云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室开放资助项目“高原湖泊流域关键生态用地识别技术及空间优化研究”(KH100992)
【分类号】：P208;X826

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