基于GlS的气象灾害风险评估系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:32

本文选题：气象灾害　切入点：风险研判　出处：《青海师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国天气气候复杂，干旱、洪涝、台风、高温、沙尘暴等气象灾害频繁发生，对人民的生命财产造成危害，随着全球气候变暖，极端天气事件加剧，气象灾害已经严重阻碍了我国经济的发展，影响和谐社会的构建。因此掌握气象灾害的特点和发生规律，，开展气象灾害风险评估研判，对于预防灾害发生和提高防灾减灾能力有着非常重要的作用，对于保障人民生命财产安全，保证社会经济健康发展有着十分重要的意义。本文在前人的研究基础上，结合自身的专业技能，以业务需求为出发点，采用CSharp编程语言设计开发了基于GIS的气象灾害风评估系统。完成的主要工作如下：（1）文章中精细解析了ESRI的ShapeFile数据文件、ERDAS的IMG数据文件、新一代天气雷达数据文件，并在此基础上定义了新的数据文件Wr数据文件、Wv数据文件、Pyr数据文件，并实现了对各种数据文件的读写操作和数据文件的相互转换工作；（2）本系统实现了GIS中经典的空间分析算法，并把这些算法成功移植到Wr文件和Wv文件格式中，自定义的Pyr文件实现了栅格数据的快速显示操作；基于气象灾害的成灾理论和研判方法，建立了气象灾害研判模型，并在此基础上基于自定义文件设计和实现了气象灾害风险研判系统；（3）系统中用CSharp语言编写了Model.dll和Common.dll两个类库，其中Model.dll类库中完成了自定义文件结构的设计和系统中使用的基本实体的定义，Common.dll类库中实现了对自定义文件的基本操作和经典的GIS空间分析算法以及数据格式间的相互转换；（4）设计开发了气象灾害风险调查图制作模块和风险灾害区划图制作模块，系统在风险自动识别研判的基础上设计开发了专家二次研判和专家二次绘制研判功能。根据专家经验对自动识别研判不满意之处可以重新设置各个研判等级的范围重新研判，还可以手动制定研判等级绘制区域，使得系统的研判误差更小，研判准确性更高，系统不经可以把各种调查图和灾害风险区划图以及研判结果保存为数据文件，还可以导出为专题图，还可以导出指定的风险等级内的承载体信息，并对这些信息做分类统计，根据需要通报给相关部门。
[Abstract]:China's weather climate is complex, drought, floods, typhoons, high temperatures, sandstorms and other meteorological disasters occur frequently, causing harm to people's lives and property. With the global climate warming, extreme weather events intensify. Meteorological disasters have seriously hindered the development of our economy and affected the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, we should grasp the characteristics and occurrence rules of meteorological disasters and carry out a study on the risk assessment of meteorological disasters. It plays a very important role in preventing disasters and improving the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of people's lives and property and to ensure the healthy development of social economy. In this paper, based on the previous research, combining with our own professional skills and taking the business requirement as the starting point, we design and develop the meteorological disaster wind assessment system based on GIS by using CSharp programming language. The main work accomplished is as follows:. In this paper, the ESRI ShapeFile data file and the new generation weather radar data file are analyzed in detail. On this basis, a new data file WR data file and WV data file are defined. The operation of reading and writing of various data files and the conversion of data files are realized. In this system, the classical spatial analysis algorithms in GIS are realized, and these algorithms are successfully transplanted to Wr file and WV file format. The self-defined Pyr file realizes the fast display of grid data. Based on the theory and method of meteorological disaster formation, the meteorological disaster research model is established, and the meteorological disaster risk evaluation system is designed and implemented based on the self-defined document. In this system, two class libraries, Model.dll and Common.dll, are programmed in CSharp language. Among them, the Model.dll class library has completed the design of the self-defined file structure and the definition of the basic entity used in the system. In the class library, the basic operation of the custom file and the classical GIS spatial analysis algorithm as well as the mutual conversion of the data format have been realized in the class library. Design and development of meteorological disaster risk survey map making module and risk hazard map making module, On the basis of automatic risk recognition and judgment, the system has designed and developed the functions of expert secondary study and expert secondary drawing study. According to the experts' experience, the scope of each level of research can be re-established. It is also possible to manually draw the area of the study grade, so that the error of the system is smaller and the accuracy of the study is higher. The system can save all kinds of survey maps and hazard risk zoning maps and the results of the study as data files without being able to do so. It can also be exported as a thematic map, and the bearer information within the specified risk level can be derived, and the information can be classified and counted, and reported to the relevant departments as needed.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P429

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