基于ArcGIS的地面沉降数据空间分析技术与应用

发布时间：2018-03-04 23:01

本文选题：地面沉降数据　切入点：ArcGIS　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在一定的地表面积内由于地下物质运移而发生的水平面降低、渐进下陷或急剧下沉的现象叫做地面沉降，地面沉降又可以称为地面下沉或者地陷。为了有效地控制城市地面沉降，许多城市政府管理部门每年都投入大量人力和财力对地面沉降进行监测、统计。国内部分城市已相应地建立了一些相关的专业数据库，，然而单纯的沉降数据比较抽象，无法直观的表达沉降的程度、速度，这些数据没有得到有效的、科学的分析和利用。这些数据隐含了许多信息，单单看观测数值的话，很难以得到其中隐含的大部分知识，因此，从单纯的数值中引申，从而发现隐含的知识就显得越来越重要。针对这样的研究背景，论文以合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术获取的天津地区1995-1999年的地面沉降观测数据为研究对象，采用地理信息技术对其进行数据处理和空间分析。论文采用ArcGIS和MATLAB作为平台，利用其数据处理功能和空间分析技术对地面沉降数据进行研究和沉降预测。首先，介绍了国内外的关于地面沉降研究的现状，以及ArcGIS技术的框架和地理信息空间分析功能。其次，利用ArcGIS平台将我们的研究数据从数值转化成矢量数据、栅格数据，并形成形象具体的沉降表达形式，例如：等值线、TIN、三维立体图等。并利用ArcGIS平台中所提供的空间分析的多种方法，对地面沉降信息进行多种分析，例如：数值分析、二维分析、三维分析。形成地面沉降信息的多种表达方式，直观、形象的表达地面的沉降情况。再次，为了更精确的模拟及预测研究区地面沉降的变化及影响过程，本文还在分析多年沉降监测数据的基础上，建立研究区的地面沉降模型，完成模型识别，为地面沉降的变化趋势进行预测。最后，论文列出了研究内容和所获得的成果，并对于研究的不足也做了归纳总结，并对于研究地面沉降的监控与防治提出了一些意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Ground subsidence occurs in a given surface area where the horizontal level decreases due to the movement of subsurface matter. The phenomenon of gradual subsidence or sharp subsidence is called land subsidence. In order to effectively control urban land subsidence, many municipal government departments invest a lot of human and financial resources to monitor the land subsidence every year. Statistics. Some cities in China have set up some relevant professional databases accordingly. However, the simple settlement data are abstract and can not express the degree and speed of settlement directly. These data are not effective. Scientific analysis and utilization. These data contain a lot of information, and it is difficult to get most of the knowledge by looking at the observed values alone. Thus the discovery of implied knowledge is becoming more and more important. In view of this research background, the ground subsidence observation data obtained by synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry in Tianjin from 1995 to 1999 are taken as the research object, and the data processing and spatial analysis are carried out by using geographic information technology. In this paper, ArcGIS and MATLAB are used as platforms to study and predict the land subsidence data by using its data processing function and spatial analysis technology. Firstly, the present situation of land subsidence research at home and abroad is introduced. Secondly, we transform our research data from numerical value to vector data, raster data, and form a concrete form of settlement expression by using ArcGIS platform. For example, isoline, three-dimensional stereogram and so on. Using the spatial analysis methods provided in ArcGIS platform, the information of land subsidence is analyzed, such as numerical analysis, two-dimensional analysis, and so on. In order to simulate and predict the change and influence process of the land subsidence in the study area more accurately, it can express the settlement of the ground in many ways, intuitively and vividly. On the basis of analyzing the monitoring data of land subsidence for many years, this paper establishes the land subsidence model in the study area, realizes the identification of the model, and predicts the change trend of the land subsidence. Finally, the paper lists the research contents and the results obtained. The deficiency of the research is also summarized, and some suggestions are put forward for the monitoring and prevention of the land subsidence.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P642.26

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