基于GIS的村镇饮用水源地水质时空变化及影响因子分析

发布时间：2018-03-07 12:05

本文选题：村镇饮用水源地　切入点：水质　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国农村社会经济的发展进程中,由于人为的疏忽,许多村镇饮用水源地受到破坏,导致水量减少、水质下降,饮水安全受到威胁。村镇饮水安全主要受水源地水质、水量、水处理工艺和配水系统的制约。由于起步晚、缺乏经费等原因,村镇饮用水源保护工作相对滞后,使得加强水源地水质保护变得尤为重要。解决村镇饮水安全问题,首先需要实时、准确地掌握水质动态,对水质监测并进行合理的水质评价,这是饮用水源规划、管理及其保护的重要内容,也是保障村镇饮水安全的关键。本文根据我国村镇饮用水源的基本情况,构建了村镇饮用水源地水质评价体系；选定村镇饮用水源典型水源地,调查相关水质数据,并结合GIS技术,建立村镇饮用水源地地理信息系统,用以绘制水质时空分布可视化图；通过水质评价方法对比分析,选择单因子指数法和综合评价指数法进行水质时空变化评价,研究水质分布规律及识别污染的关键区域,并运用SPSS19.0软件对水质状况及关键指标浓度与影响因子进行Pearson相关性分析,识别水质的主要影响因子。经评价分析,本文得到如下主要结论： (1)采用单因子指数法、综合评价指数法和模糊综合评判法进行实例对比评价,结果表明：单因子指数法主要突出污染最为严重的因子对水质的影响,对于综合水质评价则显得比较保守；综合评价指数法和模糊综合评判法都综合考虑了多种水质因子的影响,评价结果较单因子指数法更为接近水质的客观情况,但综合评价指数法相对于模糊综合评判法计算简单、易于操作,所以比较适合应用于村镇饮用水源地水质评价。 (2)运用单因子指数法和综合评价指数法对我国130个典型村镇河流型、湖库型饮用水源地2010～2012年水质进行时空变化评价,结果表明：河流型水质呈现好转趋势,而湖库型水质出现恶化倾向；河流型水质季节性分明,夏季水质较好,秋冬季次之,春季最差,而湖库型水质季节变化不明显；水质空间分布具有一定的差异性,在人口密集、工业较发达的地区,水质相对较差。 (3)水质状况及关键指标浓度与影响因子的相关性分析表明：村镇饮用水源地水质受降水量影响不大；在社会因素方面,村镇人口密度小,对水质影响小,而村镇经济的发展对水质影响较为显著,村镇企业废水排放、农业面源为主要污染源；在土地利用类型方面,耕地面积比重、林地面积比重与水质明显相关,说明土地利用类型对村镇饮用水源水质有着一定的影响。本文的水质评价体系及GIS技术的应用可为研究村镇饮用水源地水质状况及其时空变化规律提供理论依据和技术支撑,研究结果可为了解我国村镇饮用水源现状及水质主要影响因子提供依据。
[Abstract]:In the process of social and economic development in rural areas of China, due to human negligence, many villages and towns drinking water sources have been destroyed, resulting in a decrease in water quantity, a decline in water quality and a threat to drinking water safety. The drinking water security of villages and towns is mainly affected by the water quality and quantity of water from the source areas. The restriction of water treatment process and water distribution system. Due to the late start and lack of funds, the protection of drinking water source in villages and towns lags behind, which makes it particularly important to strengthen the water quality protection of water source areas, so as to solve the problem of drinking water safety in villages and towns. First of all, it is necessary to grasp water quality dynamics in real time and accurately, monitor water quality and evaluate water quality reasonably, which is an important content of drinking water source planning, management and protection, and is also the key to ensure drinking water safety in villages and towns. According to the basic situation of drinking water sources in villages and towns in China, the water quality evaluation system of drinking water sources in villages and towns is constructed, the typical drinking water sources of villages and towns are selected, the relevant water quality data are investigated, and GIS technology is used. The geographical information system of drinking water source in villages and towns was established to draw the visualization map of water quality distribution in time and space, and through the comparison and analysis of water quality evaluation methods, the single factor index method and the comprehensive evaluation index method were selected to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes of water quality. The distribution law of water quality and the key areas of pollution identification were studied. The Pearson correlation analysis of water quality status, concentration of key index and influencing factors was carried out by using SPSS19.0 software to identify the main influencing factors of water quality. Through evaluation and analysis, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:. 1) the single factor index method, the comprehensive evaluation index method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to compare and evaluate the water quality. The results show that the single factor index method mainly highlights the influence of the most seriously polluted factors on the water quality. The comprehensive evaluation index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method both consider the influence of various water quality factors, and the evaluation results are closer to the objective situation of water quality than the single factor index method. However, compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the comprehensive evaluation index method is simple and easy to operate, so it is more suitable for the evaluation of drinking water quality in villages and towns. (2) using single factor index method and comprehensive evaluation index method, the water quality of 130 typical villages and towns in China was evaluated in time and space from 2010 to 2012. The results showed that the water quality of river type showed a trend of improvement. However, the lake and reservoir water quality tends to deteriorate, the river type water quality is seasonal, the summer water quality is better, autumn and winter is the second, spring is the worst, but the lake and reservoir type water quality seasonal change is not obvious, the water quality spatial distribution has certain difference, in the population density, In the more developed industrial areas, the water quality is relatively poor. 3) the correlation analysis of water quality status and the concentration of key index and influencing factors shows that the water quality of drinking water source in villages and towns is not affected by precipitation, and the population density in villages and towns is small, which has little influence on water quality. The development of village and town economy has a significant impact on water quality. The discharge of wastewater from village and town enterprises and agricultural non-point source are the main pollution sources. In the area of land use, the proportion of cultivated land area and forest land area is obviously related to the water quality. It shows that the land use type has a certain influence on the drinking water quality of villages and towns. The application of water quality evaluation system and GIS technology in this paper can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the study of the water quality of drinking water source in villages and towns and its temporal and spatial variation law. The results can provide a basis for understanding the current situation of drinking water sources in villages and towns in China and the main influencing factors of water quality.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TU991.21

【参考文献】