地理空间数据符号化理论与技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 08:23

本文选题：地理空间数据　切入点：地图数据　出处：《解放军信息工程大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：系列比例尺基础地理空间数据库建成以后,利用地理空间数据进行地图制作已成为数字地图制图的主要任务之一。由于地理空间数据与地图数据不完全一致,再加上有很多特殊情况存在,通过符号化技术还不能将地理空间数据自动转换成高质量的地图数据。本文在参阅、分析地理空间数据符号化研究现状以及有关文献和资料的基础上,对地理空间数据符号化理论与技术进行了较为全面和深入的研究,主要包括以下内容:(1)讨论了地理空间数据符号化存在的主要问题,分析总结了地理空间数据符号化在实现方式、数据模型、制图规则和制图模板等多个方面的研究现状,提出了地理空间数据符号化理论与技术研究的目标、内容和方案。(2)分析了地理空间数据与地图数据的差异以及两者与地图符号的关系,论述了地理空间数据符号化过程,设计了地理要素、地图要素和地图符号的代数结构,建立了地理空间数据向地图数据转换的概念模型,从数学代数的角度揭示了地理空间数据符号化机制。(3)针对现有地图数据模型在符号化显示效果方面的不足,设计了新的面向要素关联的地图数据模型,实现了地理空间数据和地图数据要素级别的关联关系表达,解决了地图要素共性表达与个性表达之间的矛盾;改进了传统地图符号模型,完善了线状地图符号的点符配置形式和面状地图符号的点符填充类型,并将注记与图形进行结合,设计了组合注记模型,提高了地图符号的表现力。(4)根据制图知识与经验的特点,将产生式表示法应用于制图规则的形式化表达,提出了面向单要素特征的制图规则表示方法及解析与运行机制,实现了面向要素几何和属性特征的制图规则表达;以视觉空间拓扑关系模型为基础,提出了符号化要素视觉空间拓扑关系的构建方法,并结合欧式空间拓扑关系模型,对产生式结构进行扩展,提出了面向拓扑关系的制图规则表示方法,实现了图形冲突处理规则的形式化表达。(5)在分析现有制图模板特点与不足的基础上,以地理空间数据符号化过程为研究对象,将符号化过程分解成不同类型的制图规则,设计了贯穿于符号化各环节的制图模板结构;通过记录用户的制图操作,将符号化各环节的制图规则聚合成不同功能的规则集,实现了制图模板的具体构建。(6)进行了地理空间数据符号化实验。依据所设计的地图符号模型,建立了地图符号库;构建了符号化控制规则、图形冲突处理规则、特殊效果处理规则和地图整饰规则;将各种规则以制图模板的形式记录,实现了基于规则和模板的地理空间数据符号化技术。
[Abstract]:After the completion of the basic geospatial database of series scale, the use of geospatial data for map making has become the main part of digital map cartography, and because the geospatial data and the map data are not completely consistent with each other, In addition, there are many special cases in which geospatial data cannot be automatically converted into high-quality map data through symbolization. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the symbolization of geospatial data and the related literature and data, the theory and technology of symbolization of geospatial data are studied comprehensively and deeply. The main contents are as follows: (1) the main problems existing in symbolization of geospatial data are discussed, and the research status of symbolization of geospatial data in many aspects, such as realization mode, data model, cartographic rules and cartographic templates, is analyzed and summarized. This paper puts forward the goal, content and scheme of the research on the theory and technology of symbolization of geospatial data. It analyzes the difference between geospatial data and map data and the relationship between them and the symbol of map, and discusses the process of symbolization of geospatial data. The algebraic structure of geographical elements, map elements and map symbols is designed, and a conceptual model for the transformation of geospatial data to map data is established. This paper reveals the symbolization mechanism of geospatial data from the point of view of mathematical algebra. Aiming at the deficiency of the existing map data model in symbolizing display effect, a new map data model oriented to factor association is designed. It realizes the expression of the correlation relation between the geographic spatial data and the map data element level, solves the contradiction between the common expression and the individuality expression of the map element, and improves the traditional map symbol model. The collocation form of line map symbol and the type of dot character filling of plane map symbol are improved, and the combined notation model is designed by combining the notation with the graph. According to the characteristics of cartographic knowledge and experience, the production representation method is applied to the formal expression of cartographic rules, and the method of expressing cartographic rules for single element feature and the mechanism of analysis and operation are put forward. Based on the topological relation model of visual space, this paper proposes a method of constructing the topological relationship of visual space of symbolic elements, and combines the model of topological relationship of European space. Based on the extension of the production structure, a method of expressing the rules of cartography oriented to topological relations is proposed. The formal representation of the rules for dealing with graphics conflicts is realized. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing drawing templates, Taking the symbolization process of geospatial data as the research object, the symbolization process is decomposed into different types of cartographic rules, and the cartographic template structure running through every link of symbolization is designed. The cartographic rules of symbolized links are aggregated into different function rule sets, and the concrete construction of cartographic template is realized. The experiment of symbolization of geographic spatial data is carried out. According to the map symbol model designed, the map symbol database is established. The symbolic control rules, graphic conflict handling rules, special effects processing rules and map finishing rules are constructed, and various rules are recorded in the form of cartographic templates to realize the symbolization of geospatial data based on rules and templates.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

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