基于遥感和GIS的滨海盐渍土区耕地质量评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 13:31

本文选题：盐渍土区　切入点：耕地质量评价　出处：《山东农业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地是土地的精华，是农业生产不可替代的重要生产资料，是保持社会和国民经济可持续发展的重要资源。保护耕地是我们的基本国策之一，因此，通过耕地质量评价及时掌握耕地资源的数量、质量及其变化对于合理规划和利用耕地，切实保护耕地有十分重要的意义。黄河三角洲是近百年来黄河淤积形成的新陆地，是典型的生态交错带，受河流、陆地、海洋多种动力系统的作用，地下水埋藏浅且矿化度高，地下盐分易升至地表，导致土壤盐渍化，盐碱荒地广泛分布。该区土地广阔，但生态环境脆弱，是典型的滨海盐渍土区。因此，进行黄河三角洲盐渍土区的耕地质量评价是十分必要。同时，由于在空间上不同区域间的自然和社会经济都存在巨大的差异，无法形成通用的具有普适性的评价指标体系，因此，本研究通过对黄河三角洲典型盐渍土区的耕地质量评价，探讨建立针对盐渍土区的耕地质量评价指标体系。在GIS和RS技术的支持下，本研究以垦利县为研究区，利用土地利用现状图、土壤图及行政区划图叠置分析确定评价单元6812个，选取立地条件、化学性状和物理性状3个方面11个评价因子，建立耕地质量评价体系及模型。采取专家打分的方法确定各评价因子的隶属函数，运用层次分析法和模糊数学方法对耕地质量进行综合评价，并对其评价结果及空间分布进行了对比分析，以进一步了解盐渍土区的耕地质量状况。本文取得的主要成果如下： (1)根据空间插值结果，用ArcMap设计编制了耕地土壤养分分级图，，并对各种养分的空间分布与变异特征进行分析。 (2)研究了建立适宜盐渍土区的耕地质量评价指标体系。 (3)根据垦利县耕地质量综合指数，结合垦利县实际情况，将垦利县耕地质量划为6个等级，并采用ArcGIS软件统计计算各等级耕地的面积，最后绘制垦利县耕地质量等级专题图。其中一级地2906.95hm~2，占耕地面积的6.99%，二级地10272.87hm~2，占24.7%，三级地12448.19hm~2，占29.93%，四级地9856.68hm~2，占23.7%，五级地5229.24hm2，占12.57%，六级地877.1hm~2，占2.11%。等级划分结果客观反映了当地的实际情况。根据各等地实际情况，提出了一套适合各等级地的改良措施。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land, an irreplaceable important means of production for agricultural production, and an important resource for maintaining the sustainable development of society and the national economy. It is very important to grasp the quantity, quality and changes of cultivated land resources through the evaluation of cultivated land quality for the rational planning and utilization of cultivated land and to protect cultivated land. The Yellow River Delta is a new land formed by the deposition of the Yellow River in the last hundred years. It is a typical ecotone, which is affected by many dynamic systems of river, land and ocean. The groundwater is shallow buried and has high salinity, and the salt content in underground is easy to rise to the surface, which leads to soil salinization and widespread distribution of saline-alkali wasteland. But the ecological environment is fragile and it is a typical coastal saline soil area. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the cultivated land quality in the saline soil area of the Yellow River Delta. It is impossible to form a universal evaluation index system. Therefore, through the evaluation of cultivated land quality in typical saline soil areas of the Yellow River Delta, the evaluation index system for cultivated land quality in saline soil areas is discussed. With the support of GIS and RS technology, this study took Kenli County as the study area, using land use status map, soil map and administrative division map to determine 6812 evaluation units, and selecting site conditions. The evaluation system and model of cultivated land quality were established by 11 evaluation factors in 3 aspects of chemical and physical characters. The membership function of each evaluation factor was determined by the method of expert scoring. The comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land quality is carried out by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics, and the evaluation results and spatial distribution are compared and analyzed in order to further understand the cultivated land quality in saline soil areas. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows:. 1) according to the results of spatial interpolation, the soil nutrient classification map of cultivated land was compiled by ArcMap design, and the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of all kinds of nutrients were analyzed. 2) the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality suitable for saline soil area is studied. According to the comprehensive index of cultivated land quality in Kenli County and the actual situation in Kenli County, the cultivated land quality in Kenli County is divided into 6 grades, and the area of cultivated land of each grade is calculated by ArcGIS software. Finally, the thematic map of cultivated land quality grade in Kenli County was drawn. Among them, 2906.95hmmm-2 in the first grade, 2 in the area of cultivated land 6.99, 10272.87hmmm-2 in the second grade, 12448.19hmm2 in the third grade, 29.933 in the third grade, 9856.68hm2in the fourth grade, 23.7hm2in the fifth grade, 5229.24hm2in the fifth grade, 12.577,877.1hmm-2 in the sixth grade, and 2.11o. According to the actual situation of each class, A set of improvement measures suitable for each grade of land is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP79;P208;F301.2

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