基于GIS的香溪河水质模拟研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 09:46

本文选题：GIS　切入点：三峡水库　出处：《华北电力大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三峡工程是举世瞩目的特大型水利工程,对库区的水环境进行数学模拟具有十分重要的意义。近年来,地理信息系统技术(GIS)有了很大的发展,通过GIS与水质模型相结合可使水质模型的功能有质的飞跃。本文在收集三峡库区尤其是香溪河大量水文水质资料的基础上,进行了基于GIS的香溪河水质模拟研究。研究发现,香溪河主汛期水质略好于非汛期,但水质年际变化规律与其他支流相比变化不显著。这是由于：(1)非汛期XX00～XX04站点水质主要受回水影响,与三峡水库的水质保持一致；而XX05-XX09号站点的水质较差,主要是受上游来水减少的影响,因为上游的水库将河流的水流截留造成下游的来水量减小,从而导致水质变差。(2)主汛期上游放水,下游流量增加,整条河流汛期水量较大,但是由于有大量面源污染物进入水体,所以水质只是略好于非汛期；XX00-XX02号站点依旧由于库区回水影响而保持与库区水质变化相同的趋势。同时,香溪河水质主要受两方面因素影响：河流流量变化和水库回水量。当河流流量变大时,整个河流的流速增加,与此同时,进入香溪河的面源污染负荷增加。但是,总体来说整个河流中污染物的浓度是相对减少的,因此河流水质随着流量的增加而变的相对较好。水库的回水量对香溪河水质的影响主要体现在回水范围的变化上：非汛期大坝蓄水,库区水位抬高,回水量增加,下游受库区回水的影响范围增加；主汛期大坝放水,库区水位下降,回水量减少,下游受库区回水的影响范围减少。水质模型与GIS的结合,集成了GIS的数据处理功能和水质模型的模拟计算功能的双重优点,实现了对模型所需的大量基础数据及模拟结果的存储、编辑和管理以及对水质模型模拟结果的可视化,使决策者更直观地了解模拟结果。同时,利用GIS的数据处理分析功能,方便地统计了分析模型的计算结果,这些都为相关部门提供了有力的技术支持。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges Project is an extremely large water conservancy project that attracts worldwide attention. It is of great significance to simulate the water environment in the reservoir area. In recent years, the GIS technology has made great progress. Through the combination of GIS and water quality model, the function of water quality model can be improved qualitatively. On the basis of collecting a large amount of hydrological and water quality data in the three Gorges Reservoir area, especially in Xiangxi River, a simulation study of water quality of Xiangxi River based on GIS has been carried out in this paper. It is found that the water quality in the main flood season of Xiangxi River is slightly better than that in the non-flood season, but the interannual variation of water quality is not significant compared with other tributaries. This is due to the fact that the water quality of XX00~XX04 stations in non-flood season is mainly affected by backwater, which is consistent with the water quality of the three Gorges Reservoir. The water quality of XX05-XX09 station is poor, which is mainly affected by the decrease of upstream water inflow, because the upstream reservoir intercepts the flow of water in the river and results in the decrease of the downstream water inflow, which leads to the deterioration of water quality in the upper reaches of the main flood season and the increase of the downstream flow. The whole river has a large amount of water in flood season, but due to a large number of non-source pollutants entering into the water body, the water quality is only slightly better than that in non-flood season, and still keeps the same trend as the change of water quality in the reservoir area due to the backwater effect in the reservoir area. At the same time, the water quality of the Xiangxi River is mainly affected by two factors: the variation of the river discharge and the return water of the reservoir. When the discharge of the river becomes larger, the velocity of the whole river increases, at the same time, the non-point source pollution load into the Xiangxi River increases. Overall, the concentration of pollutants in the entire river is relatively low, Therefore, the water quality of the river changes relatively well with the increase of the discharge. The effect of the return water volume of the reservoir on the water quality of the Xiangxi River is mainly reflected in the change of the backwater range: the dam is stored in the non-flood season, the water level in the reservoir area is raised, and the backwater volume increases. In the main flood season, the water level of the reservoir decreases, the amount of the backwater decreases, and the range of the downstream affected by the backwater of the reservoir decreases. The combination of water quality model and GIS integrates the dual advantages of the data processing function of GIS and the simulation calculation function of water quality model, and realizes the storage of a large number of basic data and simulation results required by the model. Edit and manage and visualize the simulation results of water quality model, so that the decision-makers can understand the simulation results more intuitively. At the same time, using the data processing and analysis function of GIS, the calculation results of the analysis model are counted conveniently. All these provide strong technical support for the relevant departments.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X824

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