基于GIS的组合导航技术的研究应用

发布时间：2018-03-13 18:18

本文选题：全球定位系统　切入点：惯性导航系统　出处：《长江大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪中期,导航技术开始被应用在战场上,经过近半个世纪的发展,导航技术已经发展成为可以代表国家综合实力的一门学科。导航技术涉及到许多前沿学科,如航天技术、计算机技术、自动控制技术、通信技术和地理信息技术等,是实现飞行器特别是航天器飞行任务的关键技术,是武器精确制导的核心技术,也是现代化战争中,一个国家的军事战斗力和国防能力的体现。组合导航系统是在导航技术的基础上发展而来的,大多数组合导航系统以惯导系统为主,结合其他的导航技术如GPS。其原因主要是由于惯性导航能够提供比较多的导航参数。还能够提供全姿态信息参数,这是其他导航系统所不能比拟的。此外,它不受外界干扰,隐蔽性好,这也是其独特的优点。惯导系统定位误差随时间积累的不足可以由其他导航系统补充。GPS可以实现全球范围内全天候的定位需求,但GPS信号容易被遮挡、干扰甚至失去定位功能,INS可以在GPS信号缺失的情况下提供导航功能。本文所研究的组合导航技术是全球定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)的组合导航系统。本文针对GPS/INS组合导航系统主要应用到的学科原理做了一定量的分析,如GIS原理、INS原理、GPS原理和信息融合技术原理等。GPS/INS组合导航系统有效地利用卡尔曼滤波技术将GPS和INS的定位数据融合,利用各自优点来进行系统间的取长补短,减小系统误差,提高组合导航系统的性能,优于GPS和INS中任一系统。设计了一种耦合方式,使INS的测量输出可以提高GPS的跟踪性能,而INS的位置估计可以在GPS信号中断后对其进行更快的重新捕获。同时,GPS还可以对INS的惯性测量单元进行实时地校准,改善GPS信号中断过程中的测量值的漂移。进行了大量的跑车试验,证明这种耦合方法有效的提高了组合导航系统的性能。针对组合导航控制器设计并完成了上位机调试软件,导航控制板的定位信息通过串口传输到计算机,进行进一步的分析和研究,有利于对导航控制器作出反馈进而改进设计。组合导航系统设计完成后要投入应用,针对这一问题,设计了基于GIS缓冲区分析的地图匹配算法,提高了组合导航系统精度,为社会创造经济效益。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 20th century, navigation technology began to be applied to the battlefield. After nearly half a century of development, navigation technology has developed into a subject that can represent the comprehensive strength of a country. Navigation technology involves many cutting-edge disciplines, such as space technology. Computer technology, automatic control technology, communication technology and geographic information technology are the key technologies to realize flight missions of aircraft, especially spacecraft, and are the core technology of precision guidance of weapons, and also in modern warfare. The embodiment of a country's military combat effectiveness and national defense capability. Integrated navigation systems are developed on the basis of navigation technology. Most integrated navigation systems are based on inertial navigation systems. Combined with other navigation technologies such as GPS. the main reason is that inertial navigation can provide more navigation parameters, and can also provide full attitude information parameters, which other navigation systems can not compare. In addition, it is not disturbed by the outside world. Good concealment is also a unique advantage of inertial navigation system positioning error accumulation over time can be supplemented by other navigation systems. GPS can meet the global positioning requirements, but the GPS signal is easy to be blocked. The integrated navigation technology studied in this paper is the integrated navigation system of GPS (Global Positioning system) and ins (inertial Navigation system). In this paper, the principle of GPS/INS integrated navigation system is analyzed. The GPS / ins integrated navigation system effectively uses Kalman filter technology to fuse the positioning data of GPS and INS, and makes use of their respective advantages to complement each other and reduce the system error, such as GIS principle and ins principle and information fusion technology principle, and so on, the GPS / ins integrated navigation system effectively uses the Kalman filter technology to fuse the positioning data of GPS and INS, and makes use of their respective advantages to make up for each other's shortcomings. The performance of integrated navigation system is better than that of any system in GPS and INS. A coupling method is designed so that the measurement output of INS can improve the tracking performance of GPS. The position estimation of INS can recapture GPS signal more quickly after it is interrupted. At the same time, it can calibrate the inertial measurement unit of INS in real time. In order to improve the drift of the measured values in the process of GPS signal interruption, a large number of sports car tests have been carried out, which show that this coupling method can effectively improve the performance of the integrated navigation system. Aiming at the integrated navigation controller, the debugging software of the upper computer is designed and completed. The positioning information of the navigation control board is transmitted to the computer through the serial port, and the further analysis and research are carried out. The integrated navigation system should be put into use after the design of the integrated navigation system is finished. In order to solve this problem, a map matching algorithm based on GIS buffer analysis is designed to improve the precision of the integrated navigation system. Create economic benefits for society.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TN96.2;P208

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