基于GNSS-R海洋遥感的星座设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 10:36

本文选题：GNSS-R　切入点：海洋遥感　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：GNSS-R是自20世纪90年代以来逐步发展起来的一个新技术分支,反射介质表面的某些物理信息可直接体现在接收的GNSS反射信号中,对GNSS的反射信号进行准确估量和精确处理,能够实现对其反射面相关物理特征的计算与反演,为海洋遥感奠定了理论基础,因此在卫星导航领域和遥感领域受到国内外研究学者的重点关注。GNSS具有多信号源、全天候、全天时和多覆盖等特点,利用星载GNSS-R接收机进行全球海洋遥感存在着巨大发展潜力和研究价值。在此研究背景下,本文主要研究LEO-R的星座架构,该星座搭载GNSS-R接收机,通过分析其在中国海域内对台风场景的覆盖性能,为台风监测系统提供一种新式微波遥感技术手段,以增进GNSS-R技术在中国海洋遥感领域的应用与发展。本文系统阐述了GNSS-R技术的原理、特点、优势、国内外研究现状,描述了Walker星座架构的体系特征,介绍了STK软件的功能特点。研究了GNSS-R技术及海面散射区域特性,描述了GNSS-R系统的几何关系,分析了GNSS-R信号反射特性。本文建立了由GNSS信号源仿真模块、LEO-R星座设计模块、多源镜点算法模块和中国海域覆盖能力分析模块构成的GNSS-R仿真系统,详细介绍了各个模块的结构和功能。以GPS系统和BDS系统为例作为GNSS信号源,通过控制变量法,分析了当星座升交点赤经跨度、星座轨道高度、星座轨道倾角、星座轨道数目和星座卫星总数等LEO-R星座参数发生变化时,中国海域反射事件在经、纬度带上的分布规律。最后,以2016年14号侵袭中国海域的超强台风“莫兰蒂”作为研究对象,根据其经纬度带范围,构建了反射事件分布规律较好的LEO-R星座。分析了“莫兰蒂”台风移动范围内的反射事件变化规律,并在不同的纬经监测半径内,对其反射事件数量进行了实时仿真,验证了所设计的LEO-R星座的覆盖性能。结果表明:本文构建的LEO-R星座对中国海域台风的覆盖性较好,满足对台风移动轨迹进行精确预警的要求。
[Abstract]:GNSS-R is a new branch of technology developed gradually since 1990s. Some physical information on the surface of reflected medium can be directly reflected in the received GNSS reflection signal. The reflected signal of GNSS can be accurately estimated and processed. It can realize the calculation and inversion of the related physical characteristics of its reflectance surface, which lays a theoretical foundation for marine remote sensing. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of satellite navigation and remote sensing. GNSS has many signal sources, all weather, and so on. With the characteristics of all-day time and multi-coverage, there is great development potential and research value for global ocean remote sensing using spaceborne GNSS-R receiver. In this research background, this paper mainly studies the constellation architecture of LEO-R, which is equipped with GNSS-R receiver. By analyzing the coverage performance of typhoon scene in the sea area of China, this paper provides a new microwave remote sensing technology for typhoon monitoring system. In order to enhance the application and development of GNSS-R technology in the field of marine remote sensing in China, this paper systematically describes the principle, characteristics, advantages, research status at home and abroad of GNSS-R technology, and describes the system characteristics of Walker constellation architecture. This paper introduces the functional characteristics of STK software, studies the GNSS-R technology and the characteristics of sea surface scattering region, describes the geometric relationship of GNSS-R system, and analyzes the reflection characteristics of GNSS-R signal. In this paper, the GNSS signal source simulation module is established, and the design module of LEO-R constellation is established. This paper introduces the structure and function of the GNSS-R simulation system, which is composed of the multi-source mirror algorithm module and the sea coverage capability analysis module of China. Taking the GPS system and the BDS system as the GNSS signal source, the control variable method is adopted. This paper analyzes the distribution of reflection events in the longitude and latitude zones of the Chinese sea area when the LEO-R constellation parameters such as the span of the ascending intersection of the constellation, the altitude of the constellation orbit, the inclination angle of the constellation orbit, the number of constellation orbits and the total number of constellation satellites change. According to the latitude and longitude range of the super typhoon Moranti, which hit Chinese waters on 2016, A LEO-R constellation with good distribution of reflection events is constructed, and the variation of reflection events in the moving range of Typhoon Morandi is analyzed, and the number of reflection events in different zonal warp monitoring radii is simulated in real time. The results show that the designed LEO-R constellation has good coverage for typhoons in China and meets the requirement of accurate warning of typhoon trajectory.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P715.7;P228.4

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