基于SketchUp和ArcGIS的三维GIS应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 07:41

本文选题：三维数据模型　切入点：数字校园　出处：《东华理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着数字城市研究的深入,作为数字城市重要技术支撑的三维GIS技术已经成为当今GIS领域的热门研究方向之一。与传统的二维GIS相比,三维GIS技术有许多的不可比拟的优点,三维GIS技术能够更加具体、生动、立体、逼真的将空间信息展现出来,可以将现实的地理空间现象给用户以立体的展现,不仅能够将空间对象间的平面关系表达出来,而且能将它们之间的垂向关系表达出来;另外三维GIS特有的功能还包括对空间对象进行三维空间分析和操作。特别是随着计算机硬件技术的飞速发展、图形学算法研究不断深入、空间测量、海量空间数据存储技术的日益成熟,更加推动了地理信息系统(GIS)由传统的二维模型向三维模型的转变。三维GIS与其他可视化软件相比,如CAD、3DMAX相比其具有独特的管理复杂空间对象能力及空间分析的能力。因此,三维GIS越来越受到各个行业用户的青睐。本文所研究的三维数字校园就是将传统管理信息系统与三维GIS技术相结合发展起来的,是三维GIS的具体应用体现。本文对比分析了几种常用的三维可视化软件,采用了一条快速构建三维数字校园的实现方案:通过SketchUp软件实现精确快速的三维建模,利用ArcGIS平台实现完美的三维空间分析,改变了之前数字校园只有图表、相片的二维显示状况,更加生动的展现了一个数字化校园的美景。根据东华理工大学南昌校区的具体情况,采集并处理校园数字正射影像图、建筑纹理图像、基础地形测绘数据,将校园的二维矢量数据导入SketchUp软件,针对不同的地表实体采用不同的建模方法进行具有真实感的三维建模;将三维模型数据存储为ArcGIS屮能接收的格式Multipatch;以Multipatch三维模型和二维GIS数据作为基础,利用ArcEngine组件在Visual Studio2008 C#.NET环境下开发东华理工大学南昌校区三维校园可视化原型系统。其主要功能有三维浏览、信息查询、空间分析、量算统计等。三维校园系统为校园资源管理、规划设计提供决策支持的同时,也可以为大学提供更好的对外宣传功能,使用户更加身临其境的感受校园景色;三维可视化校园系统为今后构建真正的三维可视化校园服务平台提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of digital city research, 3D GIS technology, which is an important technology support of digital city, has become one of the hot research directions in the field of GIS. Compared with traditional two-dimensional GIS, 3D GIS technology has many unparalleled advantages. 3D GIS technology can show the spatial information more concretely, vividly, stereoscopically and realistically. It can not only express the plane relation between spatial objects, but also give the users a three-dimensional display of the realistic geographical spatial phenomenon. In addition, the special functions of 3D GIS include three-dimensional spatial analysis and operation of space objects, especially with the rapid development of computer hardware technology. With the development of graphic algorithms and the maturation of spatial measurement and massive spatial data storage technology, GIS (Geographic Information system) has been transformed from traditional two-dimensional model to three-dimensional model. Compared with other visualization software, 3D GIS is more effective than other visualization software. For example, CADX 3DMAX has a unique ability to manage complex spatial objects and spatial analysis. 3D GIS is more and more popular among users of various industries. The 3D digital campus studied in this paper is a combination of traditional management information system and 3D GIS technology. This paper compares and analyzes several kinds of commonly used 3D visualization software, and adopts a fast realization scheme of constructing 3D digital campus: realize accurate and fast 3D modeling through SketchUp software, The use of ArcGIS platform to achieve perfect three-dimensional spatial analysis, changed the previous digital campus only graphics, photos of two-dimensional display, More vividly showing the beauty of a digital campus. According to the concrete situation of Nanchang campus of Donghua University of Technology, we collect and process digital orthophoto images, architectural texture images, and basic topographic mapping data. The 2-D vector data of campus is imported into SketchUp software, and different modeling methods are used for different surface entities to carry out 3D modeling with realistic sense. The 3D model data is stored as the format Multipatch that ArcGIS can receive, which is based on Multipatch 3D model and two-dimensional GIS data. Using ArcEngine component to develop the 3D campus visualization prototype system of Nanchang campus of Donghua University of Science and Technology under the environment of Visual Studio2008 C#.NET. The main functions of the system are three-dimensional browsing, information query, spatial analysis, statistics and so on. The three-dimensional campus system is the management of campus resources. Planning and design to provide decision-making support, but also for the university to provide a better external publicity function, so that users more experience of the campus landscape; The three-dimensional visualization campus system provides a reference for constructing the real three-dimensional visual campus service platform in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208

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