利用GPS建立和维持中国区域地心坐标参考框架的理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 18:02

本文选题：地心坐标框架　切入点：板块运动　出处：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：地球参考框架(TRF)是地球参考系统(TRS)的实现,是全球地心坐标系建立的基础,其动态过程能反映全球变化信息,诸如地球板块运动、海平面变化,地下水位变化等。研究地球参考框架的建立与维持对经济与社会发展具有重要的科学与现实意义。本文综述了坐标系统的定义及实现理论基础,分析了影响坐标参考框架实现的主要因素,研究了中国大陆板块运动特征,获得了国家GNSS连续运行基准站水平速度场和垂直速度场,并开展了GNSS基准站坐标时间序列分析研究。论文的主要工作和贡献为： 1)系统地综述了坐标系统的定义与实现的理论基础,并分析了影响坐标框架实现的主要因素。论文介绍了国际地球参考系统(ITRS)建立的方法,概述了国际地球参考框架(ITRF)的发展历程,重点讨论了区域参考框架EUREF及SNARF的实现及发展现状,在此基础上,分析了影响坐标框架实现的主要因素等。 2)采用欧拉模型、GPS实测速度及拟合模型确定了中国大陆地壳运动速度场,并研究了中国大陆应变场。论文概述了国际上较为成熟的四种板块运动模型,并通过欧拉模型、GNSS实测速度场和拟合模型获得了中国大陆地壳运动速度场。在此基础上对中国大陆应变场进行了研究,分析NUVEL-1A模型在中国应用中的问题,研究并比较了相似变换方法及欧拉矢量方法求解GNSS基准站的运动速度一致性,结果表明都能很好的反映中国大陆地壳运动特征。 3)通过分析中国国家GNSS基准站以及GNSS大地控制网,获取了中国34个国家基准站、1630个GPS控制点的坐标与速度场成果及基准站时间序列。论文介绍了我国自上世纪八十年代开始建立的各类全国范围的GPS网情况,以及与ITRF框架的关系。对目前国家GNSS基准网11年的连续观测数据,以及GNSS大地控制点多期的数据进行了全面处理,详细阐述了数据源、基准站选取、数据处理策略、整体平差的方法与精度统计,获得了目前国内34个国家基准站、1630个GNSS大地控制点完整的成果,包括坐标、速度场、基准站时间序列等。 4)研究了国家GNSS基准站周解时间序列的线性及周期特性,分析了我国地心坐标参考框架的稳定性,为中国地心坐标参考框架的维持提供了理论基础和实际指导意义。论文通过对多年累积的国家GNSS基准站网整体解的坐标及速度精度进行了统计分析,讨论了长期和短期框架的稳定性、实时性和动态性,给出了我国地心坐标参考框架精确性的量化指标,揭示了中国区域坐标参考框架的实时性和动态性。并通过对国家GNSS基准站周解时间序列的分析获得了基准站的线性及非线性运动特征,结果表明：基准站水平分量时间序列的总体变化趋势基本上为线性变化,各点变化的大小和方向与板块运动、板内运动相关；高程方向的运动呈现近似于正弦函数的结果,周期约为1年,且高程方向周期性运动的能量在三个方向周期性运动总能量中占有很大的比重,是影响高程精度的主要因素之一。 5)利用主成分空间滤波算法(PCA)分析了国家GNSS基准站网坐标时间序列中公共误差的时空特性,有效地减少了大尺度因素对CORS站坐标时间序列的周期性影响。论文采用主成分空间滤波算法(PCA)去除了中国国家CORS网的公共误差,有效降低了大尺度因素对CORS站坐标时间序列的周期性影响,提高了中国GNSS基准站本地信号的信噪比。结果表明：通过滤波后,北、东和高方向的平均均方差相对于滤波前分别减小了26%、22%和36%。 6)采用功率谱和极大似然估计方法分析了国家CORS基准站坐标时间序列的噪声特征,发现白噪声、闪烁噪声和随机游走噪声是基准站坐标时间序列的基本噪声特征。论文利用功率谱和极大似然估计方法比较分析了主成分空间滤波前后国家GNSS基准站近10年坐标时间序列的噪声特征,发现滤波后的国家CORS站在水平和高度分量上均表现出不同的噪声性质,白噪声、闪烁噪声和随机游走噪声是国家CORS基准站坐标时间序列的噪声基本特征,且结果显示高程分量的有色噪声估值明显大于水平分量。同时,分析了产生有色噪声的可能主要来源,认为高阶电离层误差足CORS站有色噪声的主要来源,并根据不同噪声模型得到了基准站速度及精度,结果表明顾及有色噪声的速度误差估值比只考虑白噪声的速度误差估值一般大2～4倍,两种噪声模型的速度估值偏差一般在5%～10%左右。因此认为可变白噪声加有色噪声模型更加符合中国国家基准站实际运动特征。
[Abstract]:The earth reference frame ( trf ) is the realization of the earth reference system ( TRS ) , which is the foundation of the global geocentric coordinate system . Its dynamic process can reflect the global change information , such as the movement of the earth plate , the change of sea level , the change of the underground water level , etc . It is of great scientific and practical significance to study the establishment and maintenance of the earth reference frame for the economic and social development . In this paper , the definition of coordinate system and its realization theory are summarized , the main factors influencing the realization of coordinate reference frame are analyzed , the horizontal velocity field and vertical velocity field of China continental plate are studied , and the coordinate time series analysis of GNSS reference stations is carried out . 1 ) The definition and realization of coordinate system are systematically reviewed , and the main factors influencing the realization of coordinate frame are analyzed . This paper introduces the method of international earth reference system ( ITRS ) , summarizes the development course of ITRF , discusses the realization and development of EUREF and SNARF in regional reference frame , and analyses the main factors influencing the realization of the coordinate frame . 2 ) The velocity field of crustal movement in China was determined by means of Euler model , measured velocity of GPS and fitting model , and the strain field in China was studied . In this paper , four kinds of plate motion models which are more mature in the world are summarized , and the crustal movement velocity field in China is obtained by means of the Euler model , the measured velocity field of GNSS and the fitting model . Based on this , the problems in China ' s continental strain field are studied , and the similarity transformation method and Euler vector method are compared to solve the motion velocity consistency of the GNSS reference station . The results show that the crustal movement characteristics of the Chinese mainland can be well reflected . 3 ) By analyzing the Chinese national GNSS reference station and the GNSS geodetic control network , the coordinates and velocity field results of 34 national reference stations and 1630 GPS control points in China are obtained , and the time series of the reference stations is obtained . This paper introduces a wide range of GPS network in China since 1980s , and its relationship with ITRF framework . The continuous observation data of the current national GNSS reference network and the data of multi - period GNSS geodetic control point are comprehensively processed . The method and precision statistics of data source , reference station selection , data processing strategy and integral adjustment are described in detail . The results of the present 34 national reference stations and 1630 GNSS geodetic control points are obtained , including coordinate , velocity field , reference station time series , etc . 4 ) The linear and periodic characteristics of the Zhou solution time series of the national GNSS reference station are studied , the stability of the reference frame of the geocentric coordinate of our country is analyzed , and the theoretical basis and practical significance are provided for the maintenance of the reference frame of the geocentric coordinate of China . The paper discusses the stability , real - time and dynamic characteristics of the long - term and short - term frames by statistical analysis of the coordinates and velocity accuracy of the integral solution of the national GNSS reference station . The linear and non - linear motion characteristics of the reference frame in China are presented . The results show that the general trend of the horizontal component time series of the reference station is basically linear . The motion of the elevation direction is similar to the result of the sinusoidal function , the period is about 1 year , and the periodic motion of the elevation direction occupies a large proportion in the total energy of the periodic motion of the three directions , which is one of the main factors affecting the elevation precision . 5 ) The space - time characteristic of common error in the coordinate time series of the national GNSS reference station is analyzed by using principal component spatial filtering algorithm ( PCA ) , and the periodic influence of large scale factor on the coordinate time series of CORS station is effectively reduced . The main component spatial filtering algorithm ( PCA ) is used to reduce the public error of the CORS network in China , which effectively reduces the periodical influence of large scale factor on the coordinate time series of CORS station , and improves the signal - to - noise ratio of the local signal of the GNSS reference station . The results show that the mean square deviation of the north , the east and the high direction is reduced by 26 % , 22 % and 36 % respectively before filtering . 6 ) Using the power spectrum and the maximum likelihood estimation method , the noise characteristics of the coordinate time series of the CORS reference station are analyzed . It is found that white noise , flicker noise and random walk noise are the basic noise characteristics of the reference station coordinate time series . Based on the power spectrum and the maximum likelihood estimation method , the noise characteristics of the near 10 - year coordinate time series of the national GNSS reference stations are compared and analyzed . It is found that the filtered national CORS stations exhibit different noise characteristics on the horizontal and high components . The results show that the color noise estimate of the high - order ionospheric errors is larger than the horizontal component . The results show that the estimation of the velocity error of the high - order ionospheric errors is generally 2 - 4 times larger than that of the white noise , and the speed estimation deviation of the two kinds of noise models is usually about 5 % -10 % . Therefore , it is considered that the variable white noise plus the colored noise model is more consistent with the actual motion characteristics of the national reference station .

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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