基于遥感技术的重庆市区湿地景观格局的动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 12:49

本文选题：城市湿地　切入点：湿地分类遥感　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地是人类星球上独一无二的非常重要生态系统,它处于陆地和水生生态系统之间的相互作用相互影响的地区,是生存环境的一部分,为人类提供了大量的物质环境资源。位于城市中的湿地与人类关系最为密切,至古以来,城市依水而建、依湿地而兴、城市发展离不开城市湿地资源,是城市生存与发展的关键所在。但是随着我们国家城市化进程加快,随之而来的城市经济发展,城市人口膨胀,促使人们对城市湿地开发变得盲目,最终导致湿地面积明显减少,水质恶化,以及城市湿地功能退化、水资源短缺等问题。这些问题严重影响了城市生态环境,降低城市居民宜居水平,阻碍了城市的可持续发展。本次研究的目的在于:以重庆市都市区湿地资源为研究对象,对城市湿地分类及其动态变化进行研究。实现重庆都市区湿地现状分析,用于系统的保护和建设湿地资源,合理的规划与利用湿地资源。对于改善城市生态环境,促进社会经济可持续发展有着重要的参考价值。同时为城市湿地研究工作者以及城市湿地保护的决策和执行者提供相应参考。本文湿地研究需要解决以下几个问题:(1)城市湿地类型如何划分。(2)城市湿地时间尺度,空间尺度上的分布变化规律。(3)城市湿地景观动态变化规律。(4)引起湿地这种变化的驱动力因素。基于以上这些问题,本文选取1988年、2000年、2010年重庆市TM遥感数据,综合总结现有的研究成果,以地理学为基础,运用RS和GIS技术,通过目视解译、监督分类、决策树等方法综合提取重庆市都市区湿地类型并对湿地遥感提取技术进行了有益的探索,然后将城市湿地划分为河流湿地、湖泊湿地、库塘、滩涂、水田湿地,并运用景观生态学、统计学理论对重庆市都市区1988年-2010年湿地的景观格局变化进行分析。本文得出的主要结论有:(1)运用决策树方法分别对重庆市1988、2000、2010年三期遥感数据提取。提取出,河流、湖泊、水田、滩涂、库塘这五种都市区湿地类型。分别对提取出3期重庆都市区湿地类型遥感数据进行精度评价。三个年代解译出的总体精度分别是70.75%、73.28%、74.33%,kappa系数分别为0.72、0.78、0.76。解译精度较高,表明决策树分类提取方法适用于城市湿地研究。(2)1988年-2010年重庆市都市区湿地面积总体上呈减少趋势。重庆都市区湿地面积共减少21273.9hm2,减少幅度为12.27%:其中河流湿地减少966 hm2,减少幅度为7.8%;都市区湖泊湿地的面积同样呈现减少趋势,减少6.9 hm2,减少幅度9.3%;滩涂类湿地减少,相比1988年减少37 hm2:库塘类型小幅度增加:水田湿地面积减少最多,减少幅度最大。(3)重庆市都市区湿地类型结构分析得出:河流湿地变化最稳定,说明受人为因素影响相对较小。库塘的形状边界越来越趋于规整,边界的复杂程度降低,人为影响较大。水田,湖泊湿地变化最为明显。说明湖泊水田湿地人为因素影响最大。而且水田湿地变化幅度最大,是变化最明显的都市区湿地类型。(4)重庆都市区湿地景观格局水平分析得出:湿地景观斑块数量和斑块密度1988年至2010年呈现逐渐增长的趋势。平均斑块面积呈现逐年下降趋势,说明湿地景观的破碎化和空间异质性加剧。蔓延度指数逐年下降,破碎化程度逐年加剧,湿地景观的连接性下降。而且湿地景观总体集聚程度不高,相对分散。分维度指数逐年上升,景观形状复杂,边界不规整。重庆市湿地景观水平均匀度指数总体变化不大,景观类型聚集度不高。多样性指数,呈先增长后下降的趋势。(5)本文从自然因素和人为因素两个方面对重庆市都市区湿地动态变化的驱动力进行分析,总结出驱动力影响因素:人为因素为主,自然因素为辅的影响机制,导致重庆都市区湿地面积减少,湿地景观变化。并提出建立城市湿地监控机制及湿地保护红线等保护对策。
[Abstract]:The wetland is the one and only very important ecological system of human beings on the planet, it is the interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are affected areas, is a part of the living environment, provide a lot of material resources environment for mankind. People in the city and is located in the wetland type most closely related to the ancient city. Built by the water, according to the wetland and promote, city development cannot do without the wetland resources in the city, is the key to the survival and development of the city. But along with our country city changes a process to accelerate, city economic development with population, city expansion, city wetland development urges the people to become blind, eventually leading to the wetland area decreased, water quality worse, as well as the function of the city wetland degradation, water shortage and other issues. These problems have seriously affected the city's ecological environment, reduce city residents livable level, hindering the city Continued development. The purpose of this study is: to the wetland resources in Chongqing city as the research object, to study the city wetland classification and dynamic change analysis of Chongqing metropolitan area. The wetland system for the status quo, the protection and construction of wetland resources, planning and reasonable utilization of wetland resources. To improve the city's ecological environment, promote social sustainable economic development has an important reference value. At the same time as the city wetland research workers and city wetland protection policy and provide the corresponding reference performer. Research on the wetland needs to solve the following problems: (1) how to divide the city wetland types. (2) the time scale distribution of city wetland, spatial variation of scale. (3) changes of wetland landscape dynamic city. (4) the driving force caused by the change of wetland. Based on these issues, this paper selects in 1988, 2000, 2010 The city of TM remote sensing data, a comprehensive summary of the existing research results, based on geography, using RS and GIS technology, through visual interpretation and supervised classification, comprehensive extraction of decision tree method in Chongqing city urban wetland and a useful exploration of Remote Sensing Extraction Technology of wetland, and then divided into the river wetland city wetland, wetland, pond, mudflat, paddy field, and the use of landscape ecology, the landscape pattern changes on the statistical theory of Chongqing metropolitan area in 1988 -2010 wetland were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) respectively for 198820002010 years in Chongqing City, the three period remote sensing data extraction using decision tree method to extract. Rivers, lakes, beaches, ponds, paddy fields, the five metropolitan area respectively to extract wetland types. Evaluate the accuracy of remote sensing data of 3 wetlands in Chongqing metropolitan area. Three in the overall fine interpretation Respectively is 70.75%, 73.28%, 74.33%, kappa coefficients were 0.72,0.78,0.76. interpretation accuracy show that the decision tree classification extraction method was applied to the study of wetland city. (2) 1988 -2010 metropolitan area of Chongqing wetlands generally showed a decreasing trend. The urban area of Chongqing wetland area has been reduced by 21273.9hm2, reduce the rate of 12.27%: River wetland decreased 966 Hm2, reduce the rate of 7.8%; urban lake wetland area also showed a decreasing trend, decreased 6.9 Hm2, reduce the rate of 9.3%; reduce the tidal flat wetland, compared to 1988 decreased by 37 hm2: and pond type small increase: paddy wetland decreased the most, the biggest loss. (3) the analysis of Chongqing wetland city type structure: the most stable River wetland changes, that affected by human factors is relatively small. The shape boundary is more and more more regular pond, the complexity of the boundary is reduced, people For greater impact. Paddy field, Lake Wetland changed most obviously. The lake wetland paddy field of man-made factors. But the biggest change in paddy field, urban wetland type is the most obvious change. (4) Chongqing urban wetland landscape pattern of wetland landscape level analysis: the number and density of patches from 1988 to 2010 gradually the growth trend. The average patch area decreased year by year, shows that the fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity increased. Wetland landscape contagion index decreased year by year, the degree of fragmentation increased year by year, decline of wetland landscape and wetland landscape connectivity. The overall degree of concentration is not high, the relative dispersion. The fractal dimension index increased year by year, landscape shape is complex, the boundary is not regular. Chongqing city wetland landscape evenness index level of little overall change, landscape aggregation degree is not high. The diversity index was the first growth after The trend of decreasing. (5) from the two aspects of natural and human factors driving force on the dynamic changes of wetland in Chongqing city were analyzed, summed up the driving factors: human factors, natural factors influence mechanism of supplement, Chongqing metropolitan area led to the wet ground product reduced, wetland landscape changes and put forward. The establishment of city wetland monitoring mechanism and protection of wetland protection measures such as the red line.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;P237

【参考文献】