带空间约束条件的热图计算方法的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-03-26 22:04

本文选题：热图　切入点：空间约束条件　出处：《山东农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网的迅猛发展为地理信息技术发展揭开了新的篇章，也促进了空间信息资源的极大丰富。随着技术手段的完善和信息资源的丰富，基于海量信息的空间态势感知成为可能，与之相关的空间态势计算与表达技术也逐渐成为研究热点。随着人们对于空间认知的要求越来越强烈，为用户提供有效地表达空间环境的工具成为地理信息发展的目标。热图是有效表达地理对象某一特征空间态势分布的工具，能帮助用户更好的认知空间环境，在经济、文化、生活等许多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。但是现有的热图分析方法主要考虑地理对象本身的特点而忽略了周围环境的影响，这与实际情况存在一定差距。为此本文提出了带有空间约束条件的热图计算方法，将空间环境对地理对象空间态势分布的影响纳入计算流程，以便能更有效的反映现实环境。本文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面: （1）在总结国内外现有的热图计算方法的基础上，对影响力叠加法进行改进，使其满足带约束条件的热图计算，主要改进为：根据研究对象所处的环境的不同，考虑约束条件对其影响，为不同的地理对象赋予不同的影响力范围，使计算结果更为准确，，更能满足现实应用需求。（2）提出了两种带约束条件热图计算模型：①首先对约束条件进行缓冲区边界计算，并且按与约束条件距离划分成几个不同等级；然后将落在不同等级内的地理对象放在不同数据集内，参与热图计算时落在同一等级内的对象赋予相同的影响力范围，不同范围内的按照比例由接近约束条件到远离约束条件呈递减趋势。②首先对某研究区域内的研究对象进行无约束条件的热图计算，生成热图；然后对约束条件进行缓冲区计算；最后对生成热图进行配准，使其和空间约束条件采用相同的坐标系统，利用约束条件对热图进行裁剪。（3）在对两种模型进行原型开发后，作者以北京市行政区内居民小区空间分布格局和长城景区中重点景点及游客关注度沿景区道路分布热图为例开展了实验验证。应用表明本文提出的带空间约束条件的热图计算方法能够有效反应地理对象的空间分布格局。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the Internet has opened a new chapter for the development of geographic information technology, and has also promoted the great richness of spatial information resources. With the improvement of technical means and the enrichment of information resources, spatial situational awareness based on massive information becomes possible. With the increasing demand for spatial cognition, providing users with effective tools to express spatial environment has become the goal of geographic information development. Thermal maps are effective tools to express the spatial situation distribution of a geographical object, which can help users to better understand the spatial environment, in the economy, in the culture, Many fields, such as life, have been widely used. However, the existing thermal map analysis methods mainly consider the characteristics of geographical objects and ignore the influence of the surrounding environment. In this paper, a method of heat map calculation with spatial constraints is proposed, and the influence of space environment on the spatial situation distribution of geographical objects is brought into the calculation process. In order to more effectively reflect the real environment. This paper mainly includes the following aspects:. 1) on the basis of summing up the existing heat map calculation methods at home and abroad, the influence superposition method is improved to satisfy the heat map calculation with constraint conditions. The main improvements are as follows: according to the different environment of the object of study, Considering the influence of constraint conditions, different geographical objects are given different influence areas, so that the calculation results are more accurate and can meet the needs of practical applications. 2) two kinds of thermal graph calculation models with constraint conditions: 1 are put forward. Firstly, buffer boundary of constraint conditions is calculated, and they are divided into several different grades according to the distance between constraint conditions and constraint conditions. The geographic objects that fall within different levels are then placed in different datasets, and objects falling within the same level when participating in the thermal map calculation are given the same range of influence. In different range, the ratio from close constraint condition to far constraint condition is decreasing. 2. First, the unconstrained heat map of the research object in a certain research area is calculated, then the heat map is generated, and then the buffer zone is calculated for the constraint condition. Finally, the generated heat map is registered, and the same coordinate system is used as the space constraint condition, and the thermal map is clipped by the constraint condition. After prototyping the two models, Taking the spatial distribution pattern of residential district in Beijing administrative district and the heat map of the key scenic spots and tourists' attention along the road distribution in the Great Wall scenic area as examples, the author has carried out experimental verification. The application shows that the proposed strip has spatial constraints. The calculation method of thermal map can reflect the spatial distribution of geographical objects effectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

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