三维GIS中矢量数据的组织与绘制技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 16:51

本文选题：三维GIS　切入点：地理空间划分　出处：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)是空间信息科学与现代地理学相结合的产物,是交通、海洋、地质等多行业的辅助观察与决策的基础平台。传统的二维GIS系统仅采用点、线、面等矢量数据在一个平面上显示抽象信息,三维GIS不仅包含了点、线面等矢量数据,还包含了高程数据和遥感影像数据,使得结果显示更为直观逼真,为信息判读和空间分析提供了更好的可视途径。因此,空间信息的社会化应用服务迫切需要三维GIS的支持,三维GIS已成为GIS发展的重要方向之一。矢量数据是GIS系统最重要的信息表达内容。由于用以表征矢量数据的点、线、面是二维信息,而高程数据与遥感影像数据是以三维地形方式绘制,如何在三维GIS中正确高效的绘制矢量数据并保证其与三维地形紧密贴合成为了必须要解决的问题。因此,本文工作围绕这个问题进行了深入的分析研究。本文的主要工作可以分为以下三点：1)讨论了三维GIS的地理空间划分、地图投影方式以及光栅化数据的组织方式,在此基础上提出了矢量数据的分层分块组织,以适应三维GIS的地理空间划分,提高渲染效率。2)使用基于纹理的方法实现二维矢量数据与三维地形的无缝贴合,提出了基于动态矢量纹理金字塔的方法来组织与绘制矢量数据,并结合纹理反走样各向异性滤波方法,提高绘制质量改善可视化效果。3)构建了原型系统——三维GIS数据渲染系统,采用四叉树结构进行数据组织,运用了四叉树动态更新、视锥裁剪和纹理动态生成的方法。实现了地形高程数据、遥感影像数据和矢量数据的无缝叠加绘制,在三维场景中绘制矢量数据取得了良好的渲染效果。
[Abstract]:Geographic Information system (GIS) is the result of the combination of spatial information science and modern geography, and is the basic platform for auxiliary observation and decision making in traffic, ocean, geology and so on. Surface iso-vector data display abstract information on a plane. 3D GIS not only contains vector data such as point, line and surface, but also contains elevation data and remote sensing image data, which makes the results more intuitive and realistic. It provides a better visual way for information interpretation and spatial analysis. Therefore, the service of socialized application of spatial information urgently needs the support of 3D GIS. Three dimensional GIS has become one of the most important directions in the development of GIS. Vector data is the most important information expression content in GIS system. However, elevation data and remote sensing image data are drawn in the form of 3D terrain. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of how to draw vector data correctly and efficiently in 3D GIS and ensure its close alignment with 3D terrain. The main work of this paper can be divided into the following three points: 1) discuss the spatial division of 3D GIS, map projection and the organization of rasterized data. On this basis, the layered and partitioned organization of vector data is proposed to adapt to the spatial partition of 3D GIS and to improve the rendering efficiency. 2) the texture based method is used to realize the seamless matching of 2D vector data and 3D terrain. This paper presents a method based on dynamic vector texture pyramid to organize and draw vector data, and combines texture anti-aliasing anisotropic filtering method to improve rendering quality and visual effect. 3) A prototype system, 3D GIS data rendering system, is constructed. The quadtree structure is used to organize the data, and the methods of dynamic updating of quadtree, taper clipping and texture dynamic generation are used to realize the seamless superposition drawing of topographic elevation data, remote sensing image data and vector data. Good rendering effect is obtained by rendering vector data in 3D scene.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P208

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