滇东南岩溶山地土壤厚度空间分布探测技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:22

本文选题：岩溶山地　切入点：土壤厚度　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上遭受岩溶石漠化危害最严重的国家之一,涉及到8个省份,云南省岩溶面积11.09万平方公里,占全省土地面积的28.93%。岩溶石漠化加剧了水土流失情况,导致植被覆盖度降低,生物种类减少,可耕种土地面积不断缩小等生态环境问题,已经严重威胁到了我国滇东南岩溶山地地区的生态环境安全。滇东南岩溶山地地区的土壤厚度直接制约着当地植被的生长状况也很直观地反映出了当地的水土流失情况。土壤质量的好坏可以通过施肥等人工方式进行改善和调整,但是土壤厚度的减少却不是短时间内就能够恢复的。因此,对滇东南岩溶山地地区土壤厚度的空间分布特征的研究就显得更为重要,这也是岩溶石漠化综合治理工程能否合理布局的重要依据。本文选取云南省广南县为研究区,以实地采样数据和TM遥感影像数据为基础,通过3S技术和地统计学方法对土壤厚度实验数据进行了处理,进而分析研究了滇东南岩溶山地土壤厚度的空间分布情况；对影响岩溶区土壤厚度空间分布的主要因素进行了探讨,并就它们与土壤厚度之间的相互作用机制开展了分析；尝试针对滇东南岩溶山地区域特性,建立了一种土壤厚度空间分布综合探测分析法,并依据此综合探测分析方法对滇东南岩溶山地地区的小流域土壤厚度空间分布状况进行了综合探测性制图,围绕着滇东南岩溶山地土壤厚度空间分布探测技术进行了有益的探索研究。论文得到的主要研究结果如下： (1)通过对比验证,确定在本文中采用普通克里格插值法对土壤厚度野外采样点进行空间插值计算,采用的半方差拟合模型为指数模型。通过空间插值获得研究区土壤厚度空间分布图,利用ArcGIS软件对空间插值结果进行误差分析,结果表明应用克里格插值法对研究区北部平坦区域的插值效果比南部峰丛洼地地区的精度要高,且得出所有预测点的土壤厚度预测值的相对误差最大为21.308%,最小为1.306%。 (2)通过对研究区土壤厚度野外实测采样实验数据进行相关性分析可以看出,研究区土壤厚度的空间分布是多种因素共同作用的结果,在诸多的相关影响因素中,土地利用类型、岩石裸露率、植被覆盖度以及坡度等对其影响的程度最为明显。 (3)利用遥感数据处理平台ENVI对研究区的植被覆盖度和岩石裸露率进行计算,借助GIS数据处理平台ArcGIS软件获得研究区的土地利用现状图和坡度图,并将以上获得的结果与野外实测采样数据进行空间叠加分析,结果显示研究区土壤厚度与土地利用现状、坡度、植被覆盖度以及岩石裸露率之间的相关性是非常明显的,即在不考虑其他相关因素影响的情况下,土壤厚度按照水田、耕地、林地、荒草地和荒山裸地的顺序逐渐变薄,且坡度越陡、植被覆盖度越低、岩石裸露率越高的区域的土壤厚度越薄。 (4)选用主成分分析的方法确定各相关因素在对土壤厚度进行综合作用时各自的影响,依据它们各自影响程度的大小确定它们各自所占的权重值,应用SPSS软件计算得到结果为：空间插值结果,土地利用,岩石裸露率,植被覆盖度,坡度对应的权重分别为0.2572、0.2546、0.2188、0.1424、0.1270。 (5)采用建立的土壤厚度空间分布综合探测分析法,对研究区土壤厚度的空间分布情况进行了探测性制图,从而得到研究区土壤厚度空间分布的综合分布图。对预测结果进行精度分析显示：研究区土壤厚度综合探测制图结果的总体精度为87.14%,说明综合探测制图结果可用,方法可行。
[Abstract]:The karst rocky desertification is one of the most seriously affected countries in the world , involving 8 provinces , with a karst area of 11.09 million square kilometers , which accounts for 28.93 % of the whole province ' s land area . The karst rocky desertification contributes to the ecological environment safety in the karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan . The soil thickness of the karst mountain area in the southeast of Yunnan province can be improved and adjusted directly . However , the research on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil thickness in the karst mountain area of Southeast Yunnan is more important , which is also an important basis for the rational distribution of karst rocky desertification comprehensive control project .

Based on the field sampling data and TM remote sensing image data , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan is analyzed by using the data of sampling data and TM remote sensing image data in Yunnan Province .
The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil thickness in karst area are discussed , and the interaction mechanism between them and soil thickness is analyzed .
Based on the comprehensive detection and analysis method , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan is studied by comprehensive detection method . The main research results are as follows :

( 1 ) By means of comparison and verification , the spatial interpolation calculation of soil thickness field sampling points is determined by using ordinary Kriging interpolation method . The spatial distribution map of soil thickness in the study area is obtained by using spatial interpolation . The results show that the interpolation effect is higher than that of the southern peak cluster depression area by using the ArcGIS software , and the relative error of the soil thickness prediction value of all the prediction points is 21.308 % and the minimum is 1.306 % .

( 2 ) The spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is the result of multiple factors . In many related factors , the land use type , the rock exposure rate , the vegetation coverage and the slope are the most obvious .

( 3 ) Using the remote sensing data processing platform ENVI to calculate the vegetation coverage and the rock exposure rate in the research area , the GIS data processing platform ArcGIS software is used to obtain the land use status map and slope map of the research area . The results show that the soil thickness is gradually thinner according to the land , the cultivated land , the forest land , the wasteland and the barren hills in the case of not considering other relevant factors , and the steeper the slope , the lower the vegetation coverage , the thinner the soil thickness of the area with the higher rock exposure rate .

( 4 ) The main component analysis method is used to determine the influence of each relevant factor on the soil thickness , and determine their respective weight values according to their respective influence degree . The results are as follows : spatial interpolation results , land use , rock exposure rate , vegetation coverage and slope corresponding weights are 0.2572 , 0.2546 , 0.2188 , 0.142,0.1270 , respectively .

( 5 ) In this paper , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is mapped by using the established comprehensive detection method of soil thickness spatial distribution , and the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is obtained . The accuracy analysis of the prediction results shows that the overall accuracy of the results of the comprehensive detection of soil thickness in the study area is 87.14 % , which indicates that the results of the comprehensive exploration mapping are available and the method is feasible .

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S151.9;P208

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