城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:04

本文选题：GIS　切入点：医疗设施　出处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：随着经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市居民对健康的重视程度不断的增加,医疗设施作为城市中不可或缺的公共设施发挥着越来越重要的作用。城市的不断扩张导致医疗机构的分布已不能适应当前的城市规模,如何能够将有限的医疗资源进行合理的分配,并能在最大程度上满足居民的需求成为当下研究热点。本研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术,根据统计资料建立武汉市中心城区交通网络、医疗机构分布、人口等数据库,分别从可达性和公平性角度评价武汉市医疗设施的空间分布合理性,并利用地理空间可达性评估法和基于交通网络行进时间成本法分别对武汉市中心城区医疗设施可达性进行评价。就医可达性评估显示,武汉市居民就医便捷程度总体上较好,并以长江和汉江的交界地区为中心,呈四周放射状分布。通过引入需求指数、医疗机构规模、区域人口、人均可支配收入等指标,利用基尼系数、空间相关性和空间分层异质性评价医疗服务设施空间分布公平性。结果表明,武汉市医疗机构分布按人口分布合理,医疗机构主要集中分布在人口密集的主城区;地理分布上城郊地区医疗机构相对稀少。最后,依据可达性和公平性评价结果,对武汉市医疗设施布局提出合理化建议。在城市规划发展中,应更多考虑改善郊区等交通欠发达区域居民的就医条件,从而完善城市医疗设施分布。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, urban residents pay more and more attention to health, and medical facilities play a more and more important role as indispensable public facilities in the city.Due to the continuous expansion of the city, the distribution of medical institutions can no longer adapt to the current urban scale. How to allocate the limited medical resources reasonably and to meet the needs of the residents to the greatest extent has become the current research focus.Based on GIS (Geographic Information system) spatial analysis technology, the database of transportation network, distribution of medical institutions, population and so on is established according to the statistical data.The rationality of the spatial distribution of medical facilities in Wuhan was evaluated from the angle of accessibility and fairness.The accessibility of medical facilities in downtown Wuhan was evaluated by using the method of geo-spatial accessibility evaluation and the method of travel time cost based on traffic network.The evaluation of the accessibility to medical treatment showed that the convenience of the residents in Wuhan was generally good, and the border area between the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River was taken as the center, with a radial distribution around it.By introducing the index of demand, the size of medical institutions, the regional population and the per capita disposable income, the fairness of spatial distribution of medical service facilities was evaluated by using Gini coefficient, spatial correlation and spatial stratification heterogeneity.The results show that the distribution of medical institutions in Wuhan is reasonable according to the population distribution, the medical institutions are mainly concentrated in the densely populated main urban areas, and the medical institutions in the suburbs of Wuhan are relatively rare.Finally, according to the evaluation results of accessibility and fairness, the rational suggestions on the layout of medical facilities in Wuhan are put forward.In the development of urban planning, more consideration should be given to improving the medical conditions of residents in the less developed areas, such as the suburbs, so as to perfect the distribution of urban medical facilities.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国涡度相关通量塔空间代表性评估与碳源/汇尺度扩展研究”(41271116/D010106) 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“一三五”战略科技计划项目(2012ZD010) 江苏省“双创人才”、“双创团队”项目
【分类号】：P208;TU984.14

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