基于多时相遥感与GIS数据的青藏高原气候与冰川研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:50

本文选题：青藏高原　切入点：遥感　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：青藏高原(QTP)因其高海拔、独特的地理环境以及丰富的水资源，对整个亚洲的气候与季风系统具有重要影响，进而影响着全球气候以及气候变化。青藏高原被众多山脉所环绕，这些高山平均海拔在5,000-6,000米之间，因此青藏高原被称为“世界屋脊”。本文研究了1999年-2010年（5月-9月）12年间的青藏高原积雪的地理分布以及时空变化特征。研究使用了Landsat卫星影像，GDEM ASTER数据以及青藏高原地区60个气象站的月均温度与降水记录。通过利用遥感和GIS技术分析研究12年间积雪区域的变化，我们可以得出气候变化对于这一区域的影响。结果显示出这一地区具有“夏季气候变暖”特性，，青藏高原所有山区均表现出地表温度上升的主要特征。其中青藏高原中部、西北部和东北部具有较强的上升趋势，而青藏高原东南部和西南部上升趋势较弱。本文研究了青藏高原积雪的时空分布特征。积雪并不是青藏高原上普遍存在的现象，仅有高原周边的山区有可见的积雪存在。高大山脉的阻隔作用使得高原内部在降雪季节非常干燥，这使得在广大的高原内部积雪非常少且薄，多是零星分布且持续时间很短。青藏高原十二年间的气候变暖对于冰川具有重要影响，1999年以来冰川消退越来越严重，冰川发生了明显的消退。我们可以观察到积雪范围和地面温度之间的负相关关系。冰川的变化显现出多变性，较严重的冰川消退出现在高原周边以及东南部，而高原中部及周边山区冰川消退相对较缓。冰川不仅与大气发生着活跃的能量与物质交换，冰川融水也是下游河流的重要水源。冰川以固态的形式保存着大量的水，因此冰川参与全球水循环，并且是水平衡的重要组成部分。冰川消退对于青藏高原及其周边地区的社会环境都有重要影响，这些影响包括暴风雪，冰川融水引发的洪水，冰川泥石流，以及愈发频繁的冰湖溃决洪水，雪崩，湿地退化，湖水暴涨和干涸，以及河川径流的不稳定等，这些都威胁到动植物的生存环境。减缓气候变化、加强环境保护是全人类的重要义务。
[Abstract]:Due to its high altitude, unique geographical environment and abundant water resources, QTP has an important impact on the climate and monsoon system of the whole Asia, thus affecting the global climate and climate change.The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is surrounded by mountains with an average elevation of between 5000 and 6000 meters, so it is known as the roof of the world.In this paper, the geographical distribution and temporal and spatial variation of snow cover over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2010 (May-September) are studied.The Landsat satellite image GDEM ASTER data and the monthly mean temperature and precipitation records of 60 meteorological stations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied.By using remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze and study the change of snow cover region in the past 12 years, we can get the influence of climate change on this region.The results show that this area has the characteristic of "summer climate warming", and all mountain areas of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau show the main characteristics of surface temperature rise.There is a strong upward trend in the middle, northwest and northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, but the rising trend is weak in the southeast and southwest of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The temporal and spatial distribution of snow cover over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is studied in this paper.Snow is not a common phenomenon in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The barrier effect of high mountains makes the interior of the plateau very dry in the snowfall season, which makes the snow in the vast plateau very small and thin, mostly distributed sporadically and for a short time.The warming of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the past 12 years has an important impact on the glacier. Since 1999, the glacier retreat has become more and more serious, and the glacier retreat has taken place obviously.A negative correlation between snow cover and surface temperature can be observed.The change of glacier shows variability, the more serious glacier retreat appears in the periphery and southeast of plateau, but the glacier retreat is relatively slow in the middle of plateau and surrounding mountain area.Glacier not only has active energy and matter exchange with atmosphere, but also glacial melt is an important water source for downstream rivers.Glaciers preserve a large amount of water in solid state, so glaciers participate in the global water cycle and play an important role in water balance.Glacier retreat has important impacts on the social environment on and around the Tibetan Plateau, including snowstorms, floods caused by glacial melting water, glacier mudslides, and increasingly frequent glacial lake collapses, avalanches, and wetland degradation.The sudden rise and drying up of lakes and the instability of river runoff threaten the living environment of animals and plants.Mitigating climate change and strengthening environmental protection are important obligations for all mankind.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P343.6

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