基于GIS的地震灾害人口伤亡评估系统设计与开发研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:26

本文选题：地震 + 人口伤亡　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：最近几年来我国遭遇到了几次灾难性地震，给人民群众带了巨大的生命和财产损失，但是由于现今人类对地震的预报尚不能达到要求，因此震后的快速救灾是减少地震灾害伤亡的一个行之有效的方法。当今社会以人为本，震后最关注的往往是人员的伤亡损失，预估地震造成的人口伤亡情况为决策部门制定救灾计划提供重要依据。本文在已构建的地震空间信息网格平台的基础上进行研究，其为地震灾害人口伤亡情况的评估提供可靠而有力的信息支持和平台保障。GIS强大的空间数据管理功能和空间分析、地图显示功能，，可以很好地应用到地震灾害人口伤亡评估中。本文首先论述了地震灾害人口伤亡的课题意义及研究现状，同时介绍了GIS和空间信息网格技术在地震灾害中的应用。然后介绍了SIMG的相关理论，最重要的是引入了人口伤亡估算模型，介绍了模型的形式和计算方法，并将评估流程进行了简要叙述。由于在进行人口伤亡估算之前必须了解地震的影响范围，因此地震烈度图的绘制就需要提前得到，本文采用了基于衰减模型的地震烈度图绘制方法。以上述理论为基础，应用GIS和SIMG技术，以SQLServer2008为数据库平台和ArcSDE为空间数据引擎的空间数据库解决方案，采用基于ArcEngine组件二次开发方式，设计并实现了地震灾害人口伤亡评估系统。最后，以郯城县实例分析该方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country has encountered several catastrophic earthquakes, which have brought huge loss of life and property to the masses of the people. However, the prediction of earthquakes by human beings has yet to meet the requirements.Therefore, rapid disaster relief after the earthquake is an effective method to reduce the casualties of earthquake disaster.Nowadays the society is people-oriented and the most important concern after the earthquake is the loss of casualties. The prediction of the population casualties caused by the earthquake provides an important basis for the policy-making departments to formulate disaster relief plans.In this paper, the seismic spatial information grid platform has been constructed to provide reliable and powerful information support for the evaluation of earthquake disaster population casualties, and the platform guarantees the powerful spatial data management function and spatial analysis of GIS.The function of map display can be used to evaluate the casualties of earthquake disaster.In this paper, the significance and research status of population casualties caused by earthquake disaster are discussed, and the application of GIS and spatial information grid technology in earthquake disaster is introduced.Then the related theory of SIMG is introduced, the most important is the introduction of population casualty estimation model, the form and calculation method of the model, and a brief description of the evaluation process.Because it is necessary to know the range of earthquake influence before estimating the population casualties, the drawing of seismic intensity map needs to be obtained in advance. In this paper, the method of seismic intensity map drawing based on attenuation model is adopted.Based on the above theory, using GIS and SIMG technology, taking SQLServer2008 as the database platform and ArcSDE as the spatial data engine, the spatial database solution is adopted, which is based on the secondary development of ArcEngine component.A population casualty assessment system for earthquake disaster is designed and implemented.Finally, the feasibility of this method is analyzed by Tancheng County.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P315.9

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