高精度GPS实时变形监测软硬件系统开发与研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:29

本文选题：GPS + MSP430单片机　；参考：《长安大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个地质灾害频发的国家，尤其是滑坡、泥石流的频繁发生对人民群众的人身安全造成了巨大的伤害以及给国民经济带来了巨大的损失。当前，在没有足够的经济实力以及技术力量大范围地对具有潜在危险性的地质灾害进行全面治理的情况下，，对其进行实时监测是一条有效地途径。随着GPS定位技术的飞速发展，GPS技术在变形监测中占据了举足轻重的地位，但常规GPS变形监测技术存在很大的局限性，外业数据采集和内业数据处理不能实时、连续地进行。为此，本文以GPS数据的实时采集、传输、解算及形变分析和预警为研究主线，以开发一个GPS实时变形监测系统为研究目标，对GPS实时监测中的传感器的集成、数据的采集与传输、GPS数据解码、GPS单历元算法、信号滤波、数据库管理等关键技术进行了深入的研究。本文具体的研究内容和成果有以下几点：（1）本文在深入研究单片机自动化控制技术后提出了基于MSP430单片机的GPS接收机设计方案。该方案以MSP430单片机为核心，结合GPS OEM接收板卡、GPRSDTU、液晶显示屏、键盘等硬件实现了GPS测量接收机的研发。本文设计的GPS接收机能完成数据的实时采集并将数据通过GPRS模块实时传输到数据处理中心，该接收机拥有屏幕显示、按键操作等功能供用户对其进行参数设置或查询。（2）本文研究了GPS接收机和计算机的通讯技术与方法，开发了基于LabVIEW的GPS数据实时采集子系统，实现了GPS数据的有线、无线两种方式的传输。针对有线传输的局限性，本文主要采用GPRS无线数据传输方案，可实现多站点数据同步采集。（3）本文研究了GPS原始数据的解码技术，针对Ashtech厂家的接收机，开发了基于LabVIEW的实时解码程序，能正确的将该接收机实时数据流解码到标准的RINEX格式。（4）本文在研究单历元算法以及GPS动态数据后处理算法的基础上开发了基于LabVIEW的数据处理与分析子系统，能实时对基准点和监测点的基线进行解算，并对结果进行滤波处理，分析其形变大小，对大于形变阈值的监测点做出预警。（5）本文利用NI公司的数据库连接工具包DCT（Database Connectivity Toolkit）构建了基于SQL Server的大型数据库管理系统，可以实现实时监测数据的查询和管理。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent geological disasters, especially landslides. The frequent occurrence of debris flow has caused great harm to the people's personal safety and brought huge losses to the national economy.At present, it is an effective way to monitor geological hazards in real time without sufficient economic strength and technical power to comprehensively control the potentially dangerous geological hazards.With the rapid development of GPS positioning technology, GPS technology plays an important role in deformation monitoring, but the conventional GPS deformation monitoring technology has great limitations. Data acquisition and data processing in the field cannot be carried out in real time and continuously.Therefore, this paper takes the real-time acquisition, transmission, calculation, deformation analysis and early warning of GPS data as the main research thread, and develops a real-time deformation monitoring system of GPS as the research goal, and integrates the sensors in the real-time monitoring of GPS.Data acquisition and transmission GPS data decoding GPS single epoch algorithm signal filtering database management and other key technologies have been deeply studied.The research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:In this paper, the design scheme of GPS receiver based on MSP430 microcontroller is put forward.This scheme is based on MSP430 single chip computer, combined with GPS OEM receiving card, LCD display, keyboard and other hardware to realize the research and development of GPS measurement receiver.The GPS receiver designed in this paper can collect the data in real time and transmit the data to the data processing center through the GPRS module in real time. The receiver has the functions of screen display, keystroke operation and so on.In this paper, the communication technology and method between GPS receiver and computer are studied, and the GPS data real-time acquisition subsystem based on LabVIEW is developed, which realizes the transmission of GPS data in both wired and wireless ways.Aiming at the limitation of wire transmission, this paper mainly adopts GPRS wireless data transmission scheme, which can realize multi-station data synchronous acquisition.In this paper, the decoding technology of GPS raw data is studied. For the receiver of Ashtech manufacturer, a real-time decoding program based on LabVIEW is developed, which can correctly decode the real-time data stream of the receiver to the standard RINEX format.The size of deformation is analyzed, and the monitoring points larger than the threshold of deformation are given early warning.In this paper, a large database management system based on SQL Server is constructed by using DCT(Database Connectivity Toolkit of NI Company, which can realize the query and management of real-time monitoring data.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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