漫反射激光测距关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 07:51

本文选题：空间碎片 + 卫星激光测距　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：卫星激光测距技术是一项具有重大应用潜力的天文地球动力学测量技术,经多年的发展该技术已日益成熟,其测程可达36000 km,测量精度达亚cm量级。近年来,由于人类太空探索活动的增加,导致宝贵且有限的空间资源被大量的空间碎片所占据,为确保航天活动的正常开展,空间碎片监测、预警受到各国的广泛重视。将漫反射激光测距技术应用到碎片测量中,不仅能够提高空间碎片定轨精度,而且还可以为其他监测手段提供标校,对空间碎片监测、预警等研究具有重大意义。测量精度和测距能力是衡量漫反射激光测距系统极其重要的两个指标,本论文的研究内容围绕着这两个方面而展开。在测距精度研究方面,作者独自完成以下工作:?对漫反射激光测距系统中的误差来源进行了详细的分析,得出影响漫反射激光测距精度的主要误差来源;?基于单光子探测理论推导出激光脉冲宽度、回波强度与测距精度的关系表达式;在提高系统测距能力方面,本论文完成的具有创新性的工作如下:?综合考虑望远镜跟踪精度和大气湍流造成的光束抖动对激光测距的影响,提出测距方程中应考虑两种因素的综合作用,在此基础上推导出新的测距方程;?基于盖格模式APD阵列探测器的工作原理及特点,建立了盖格模式APD阵列的测距系统探测概率模型,得出阵列APD更适用于激光测距系统;?根据超导探测器的性能特点,独立设计了超导实验的发射和接收系统,将该系统应用于超导探测器实验中,成功获得了1064nm空间目标的实测数据,为国内外首创。本论文研究的成果及意义在于:1.通过对漫反射激光测距系统精度的研究,得出影响漫反射激光测距系统精度的主要误差来源;2.在理论上推导出新的激光测距方程,为测距系统性能的优化提供理论依据;3.建立了阵列探测器的测距模型,为阵列探测器在测距系统中的应用提供了理论支持;4.通过实验验证了一类探测器应用在测距系统中的可行性,在实验中积累了相关经验,为今后超导阵列探测器在测距系统中的应用提供技术支持和保障;5.本论文的研究为漫反射激光测距系统的工程化应用奠定了一定的基础。
[Abstract]:Satellite laser ranging technology is an astronomical geodynamic measurement technology with great application potential. After many years of development, the technology has become more and more mature, its measuring range can reach 36000 km, and the measurement accuracy can reach sub-cm order of magnitude.In recent years, due to the increase of human space exploration activities, precious and limited space resources are occupied by a large number of space debris. In order to ensure the normal development of space activities, space debris monitoring and early warning have received extensive attention.The application of diffuse reflection laser ranging technology to debris measurement can not only improve the orbit determination accuracy of space debris, but also provide calibration for other monitoring means. It is of great significance for the research of space debris monitoring and early warning.Measurement accuracy and ranging capability are two very important indexes to measure diffuse reflection laser ranging system, and the research contents of this paper focus on these two aspects.In the research of ranging accuracy, the author has done the following work alone:?The error sources of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are analyzed in detail, and the main error sources that affect the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are obtained.Based on the theory of single photon detection, the relationship between laser pulse width, echo intensity and ranging accuracy is derived. In order to improve the ranging capability of the system, the innovative work accomplished in this paper is as follows:?Considering the influence of the tracking accuracy of telescope and the beam jitter caused by atmospheric turbulence on laser ranging, this paper puts forward that the comprehensive action of two factors should be considered in the ranging equation. On this basis, a new ranging equation is deduced.Based on the working principle and characteristics of the Gage mode APD array detector, the probabilistic model of the ranging system of the Gage mode APD array is established, and the conclusion is drawn that the array APD is more suitable for the laser ranging system?According to the characteristics of the superconducting detector, the transmitting and receiving system of the superconducting experiment is designed independently. The system is applied to the experiment of the superconducting detector, and the measured data of the 1064nm space target are obtained successfully, which is the first at home and abroad.The research achievement and significance of this thesis lies in 1: 1.By studying the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system, the main error source of diffuse reflection laser ranging system is obtained.A new equation of laser ranging is derived theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of ranging system.The ranging model of array detector is established, which provides theoretical support for the application of array detector in ranging system.The feasibility of the application of a class of detectors in the ranging system is verified by experiments, and the relevant experience is accumulated in the experiment, which provides technical support and guarantee for the application of superconducting array detectors in the ranging system in the future.The research in this paper lays a foundation for the engineering application of diffuse reflection laser ranging system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P228.5

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