环境地理空间群组目标方向关系计算模型研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 08:33

本文选题：空间关系 + 空间方向关系　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：环境保护是当今人类社会共同关注的重大问题。随着全球环境的日益恶化，人们已经逐渐意识到环境保护的重要性；同时，也充分认识到信息技术对环境保护所起的关键作用。环境地理信息系统（Geographic Information System for Environment，简称EGIS）是辅助人们进行环境保护的综合性技术平台。与其它信息系统相比，EGIS最大的优势在于它的空间分析能力，而空间分析技术自身的提高和进步则有赖于成熟的空间关系理论的指导。空间关系是空间目标之间由空间目标的几何特性所决定的关系，主要包括距离关系、拓扑关系和方向关系等。与空间拓扑、距离关系相比，空间方向关系无疑是用途更广泛、更贴近人们生活的一种空间关系，其重要性已经在地理数据库、空间语义学、空间分析、空间查询、空间推理、地图自动综合以及环境地理空间认知等诸多研究领域得到印证。空间方向关系计算模型是描述两个目标之间空间方向关系的重要理论工具，一直以来都是空间方向关系理论研究的重点和难点。目前，学者们对单个目标空间方向关系计算模型的研究已经比较成熟；但对于群组目标空间方向关系计算模型而言，却鲜有研究和论著。鉴于此，本论文以Gestalt心理学和Delaunay三角网作为主要理论依据和技术手段，对环境地理空间中群组目标之间空间方向关系的特点、影响群组目标之间空间方向关系的主要因素，以及群组目标空间方向关系计算模型等内容进行了系统地研究。论文取得的研究成果及主要创新点包括以下3个方面：（1）对群组目标之间空间方向关系的特点进行了总结，具体包括： ①复杂性：群组目标之间的空间方向关系判断是一个复杂的空间思维和计算过程，涉及到空间问题的许多方面，人们对群组目标之间空间方向关系的判断是多种因素综合作用的结果； ②多方向性：群组目标之间的空间方向关系往往不能用一个角度值或一个简单的定性方向来进行描述，只有借助多方向组合的方式，才能够全面、准确地描述它们之间的空间方向关系； ③整体性：根据Gestalt心理学的邻近性、连续性和闭合性定律，，群组目标之间的空间方向关系实际上是一种“整体”对“整体”的相互关系，与它们的具体几何构成无关，并具有“整体大于各部分之和”的特性，可以通过它们各自的“轮廓”之间的空间方向关系来确定。该特点是为点群、线群、面群和复杂群建立统一空间方向关系计算模型的重要理论基础。（2）通过分析群组目标的空间形态、分布范围、分布密度，以及相互之间的距离关系、可视区域等对群组目标之间空间方向关系的影响，得出“可视区域和分布密度是影响群组目标之间空间方向关系的主要因素”这一重要结论，它是建立群组目标空间方向关系计算模型的关键所在。（3）在上述研究成果的基础之上，建立了群组目标空间方向关系计算模型。基本思路是：首先，对群组目标进行Delaunay三角剖分，并在其基础上构建群组目标之间的可视区域；然后，通过计算群组目标之间指向线的方位角，得到群组目标之间的定量空间方向关系；最后，将属于同一方向区界的指向线的方位角进行归类，实现空间方向关系从定量到定性的转换。本论文利用C#编程语言，对提出的群组目标空间方向关系计算模型进行了软件实现。实验分析表明，该模型的计算结果符合人们的空间认知习惯，较好地解决了环境地理空间中两个群组目标之间的空间方向关系计算问题。
[Abstract]:Environmental protection is a major issue of common concern in today's human society. With the deterioration of global environment, people have gradually realized the importance of environmental protection; at the same time, a key role is also fully aware of the information technology on environmental protection. Environmental Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System for Environment, referred to as EGIS) is a comprehensive technology the platform assisting the environmental protection. Compared with other information systems, it is the biggest advantage of EGIS spatial analysis, and spatial analysis technology to improve itself and progress depends on the maturity of the spatial relationship theory.
The spatial relationship between spatial objects by the geometric characteristics of space target are determined, including the distance between topological relations and direction relations. And spatial topology, distance compared to spatial direction relation is of wide application, a kind of spatial relationship more close to people's life, its importance has been in the geographic database, space semantics, spatial analysis, spatial query, spatial reasoning, a lot of research in the field of automatic map generalization and environmental geographic spatial cognition has been confirmed.
Spatial direction relation model is an important theoretical tool to describe the direction of the space between two target relations, has always been the spatial direction relation theory research focus and difficulty. At present, the research scholars on the relationship between the calculation model of single target space is relatively mature; but for the target group spatial direction relation model, but few studies and works. In view of this, this paper takes Gestalt and Delaunay triangulation psychology as the main theoretical basis and technical means, characteristics of the direction of space between the group target environment of geo spatial relations, spatial direction relation between main factors influence the target group, were systematically studied to calculate the model content and group target space direction the relationship between.
The research achievements and main innovation points of this paper include the following 3 aspects:
(1) the characteristics of the spatial direction relationship between the group targets are summarized, including:
(1) complexity: the judgement of spatial direction relations between group targets is a complex spatial thinking and computation process, which involves many aspects of spatial problems. People's judgement of spatial direction relations between groups is the result of multiple factors.
(2) multidirectional: the spatial direction relations between group targets can not be described by one angle value or a simple qualitative direction. Only by means of multi direction combination can we describe the spatial direction relationship between them in a comprehensive and accurate way.
The whole neighborhood of Gestalt: according to psychology, continuity and closure law, spatial direction relation between target group is actually a kind of relationship between "whole" of "whole", has nothing to do with the specific geometry of their formation, and has "the whole is greater than the characteristics of each part and the can determined by the space between their respective" contour ". The relationship between the characteristics of point group, line group, an important theoretical basis for surface group and complex group to establish a unified spatial direction relation model.
(2) through the analysis of space form, the distribution range of the target group, distribution density, and the distance between each other, influence of the relationship between the direction of visual area space between the target group, the visible region and the distribution density is between the space target to the main factors affected the relationship between the important conclusion, it is key models of group target spatial direction relations.
(3) on the basis of the above research, established the calculation model of target group of spatial direction relations. The basic thinking is: firstly, the target group of Delaunay triangulation, and construct the visual area between the target group on the basis of it; then, through calculation between group target line azimuth angle is obtained the quantitative relationship between the direction of space target group; finally, pointing to the line will belong to the same direction of boundary azimuth are classified, to realize spatial direction relation conversion from quantitative analysis to qualitative analysis.
This paper uses C# programming language, the relationship of group target space direction proposed calculation model for the software. The experimental analysis shows that the calculation results accord with the spatial cognitive habits of people, can solve the calculation of spatial direction between the two groups in the geographical space environment target of the relationship.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

【参考文献】