基于移动设备的近实时野外测量系统设计与开发

发布时间：2018-04-17 14:46

本文选题：近实时野外测量 + 移动GIS　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在巨大商业利益有效驱动移动技术发展,移动端应用的优势被广泛认可的今天,移动GIS已经成为GIS中的一个重要部分。嵌入式全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和各种移动设备的无线通信装置的兴起,也吸引了各方的兴趣。通过有效实现在不同级别空间活动下移动设备的集成,移动GIS经常被用于野外测量与实地调察工作。考虑到工作人员在地面控制点采集,采集用来验证的地面实况数据,以及动植物分类等过程中都需要野外数据,野外数据的收集显得尤为关键。相较于其他传统方法,移动GIS具有在较低的成本下快速获取瞬时数据流的明显优势。然而野外考察项目的多样性与独特性等都为移动解决方案的设计,实施和支持带来了挑战。目前,大多数的野外移动测量系统虽然可以实现数据的高效获取,却未能很好地满足数据兼容性、互操作等需求。为了实现对野外测量数据的实时传输,本文设计了一个可以对数据进行近实时传输,并有效满足互操作、兼容性和多功能需要的系统。该系统实现了一个支持多种OGC服务的空间数据基础设施(SDI)和一个用于近实时野外测量的移动应用。通过移动端的应用可为该系统提供较高水平的兼容性和通用性,并且能够解决多种野外的环境约束问题。此外,该系统借助于免费和开源软件(FOSS)组件以较低成本实现了开发。而开源使得该系统软件具有很强的竞争力,能在许多情况下代替商业软件。为了选择出系统的最佳工具和组件,本文在实现这样的系统的过程中包括一些调查和评估工作。如对地图服务器进行评估,选择出最合适的服务器端组件;对网络制图和移动制图框架进行评估和选型,使其能够满足大多数应用的需求。该野外测量方案被编成Android应用程序,并已在武汉大学信息学部室外进行了多项数据采集测试。系统设计多个传感器来收集数据,包括采集位置信息的GNSS接收器,采集图像信息的照相机和采集音频信息的麦克风,并将其与输入的文本信息相结合作为属性。通过使用蜂窝网络可以将收集到的数据瞬时传输到服务器,从而实现对传输数据近乎实时地可视化。本文提出的解决方案之所以优于现有的大多数移动现场测量解决方案,主要是从两个方面来提高数据的采集能力。一方面,本文方案利用无线通信实现了瞬时传输数据的采集,这使得该方案在许多场景下尤其是灾害管理等,占据至关重要的地位。另一方面,本文方案以标准化的地理空间格式对数据进行存储,操作和传输,能够更方便地与其他地理空间服务协同,从而鼓励了利益相关者的协作,也降低了部署成本。
[Abstract]:With the development of mobile technology driven by huge commercial interests and the advantages of mobile applications, mobile GIS has become an important part of GIS.The rise of embedded global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and wireless communication devices for various mobile devices has also attracted interest.Mobile GIS is often used in field survey and field monitoring by effectively realizing the integration of mobile devices at different levels of space activities.Considering that field data are needed in the process of staff collecting ground control points, collecting ground real data for verification, and classification of animals and plants, the collection of field data is particularly critical.Compared with other traditional methods, mobile GIS has the obvious advantage of fast obtaining instantaneous data stream at lower cost.However, the diversity and uniqueness of field exploration projects pose challenges to the design, implementation and support of mobile solutions.At present, most field mobile measurement systems can achieve efficient data acquisition, but they can not meet the requirements of data compatibility, interoperability and so on.In order to realize the real-time transmission of field measurement data, this paper designs a system which can transmit the data in near real time and meet the requirements of interoperability, compatibility and multifunction.The system implements a spatial data infrastructure supporting multiple OGC services (SDI) and a mobile application for near-real-time field measurements.The application of mobile terminal can provide a high level of compatibility and versatility for the system, and can solve various environmental constraints in the field.In addition, the system is developed with the help of free and open source software (FOSS) components at lower cost.Open source makes the system software competitive and can replace commercial software in many cases.In order to select the best tools and components of the system, this paper includes some investigation and evaluation work in the process of implementing such a system.For example, the map server is evaluated to select the most suitable server-side components, and the network cartography and mobile cartographic framework are evaluated and selected to meet the needs of most applications.The field measurement program has been programmed into a Android application program and has been tested outdoors by the Department of Information Science of Wuhan University.The system designs several sensors to collect data, including a GNSS receiver for collecting position information, a camera for collecting image information and a microphone for collecting audio information, and combines them with input text information as attributes.By using cellular network, the collected data can be transiently transmitted to the server, so that the transmission data can be visualized almost in real time.The solution proposed in this paper is superior to most of the existing mobile field measurement solutions, mainly from two aspects to improve the ability of data acquisition.On the one hand, the scheme uses wireless communication to realize instantaneous data acquisition, which makes the scheme play an important role in many scenarios, especially in disaster management.On the other hand, the scheme uses standardized geospatial format to store, operate and transfer data, which can facilitate collaboration with other geospatial services, thus encouraging the cooperation of stakeholders and reducing deployment costs.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP311.52;P228.4

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