小理河流域土地利用空间自相关格局与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-18 18:58

本文选题：土地利用 + 空间自相关　；参考：《农业机械学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：为揭示土地利用空间自相关格局与自然社会经济因素的耦合关系,以黄土丘陵沟壑区的小理河流域为研究区,基于全局Moran’s I、Moran散点图和Anselin local Moran’s I分析了500 m×500 m格网尺度上流域土地利用全局和局部空间自相关格局,利用GIS技术研究各类用地在p0.05显著性水平下局部聚集区与高程、坡度、坡向、与水域距离、与道路距离、与居民点距离的关系。结果表明,各土地利用类型都表现出全局空间正自相关特性,但空间正自相关性随着距离的增加而逐渐减弱,且在32 km以内不同土地利用类型自相关程度的空间衰减强度不同。耕地、草地的空间分布呈显著的HH(高值-高值)、LL(低值-低值)聚集趋势,而园地、林地、建设用地和未利用地呈显著的HH聚集趋势。草地HH聚集区主要分布在流域中、上游的丘陵或山地区,林地HH聚集区主要分布在流域下游沟壑区和上游山地区,其他地类HH聚集区集中分布在流域下游宽阔黄土梁或开阔河谷区。随高程和坡度增加,各地类HH、LL聚集区面积总体呈先增加后减小的趋势。在1 000~1 300 m高程区、15°~25°的坡度区以及正阳向和正阴向区域,是各地类HH聚集分布最多样、面积最集中的区域。建设用地和林地HH聚集区主要分布在1 000~1 100 m高程区,耕地、园地和未利用地HH聚集区主要分布在1 100~1 200 m高程区,草地HH聚集区主要分布在1 200~1 300 m高程区。各地类HH聚集区按平均坡度由小到大依次为:建设用地、耕地、园地、林地、未利用地、草地。建设用地、园地和耕地HH聚集区主要分布在正阳向和半阳向区域(正阳向面积最多),林地和草地HH聚集区主要分布在正阴向和正阳向区域(正阴向面积最多)。距水域和道路越远,除未利用地外,各地类HH聚集区面积呈不断减小的趋势;距居民点越远,草地HH聚集区面积呈先增加后减小趋势,而其他地类HH聚集区面积呈不断减小的趋势。各地类HH、LL聚集区集中分布在距水域、道路1.5 km范围内和距居民点3 km范围内。距水域、道路和居民点越近,建设用地、园地和耕地的HH聚集区面积迅速增加。相比HH聚集区,耕地LL聚集区主要分布在1 200 m以上高程区,平均坡度增大,正阳向面积略大于其他坡向面积,与水域和居民点的距离较远且面积呈先增后减的趋势;草地LL聚集区主要分布在1 000~1 200 m高程区、15°~35°坡度区,各坡向上分布面积相差不大,与水域、道路和居民点的距离较近且面积呈不断减小趋势。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the coupling relationship between the spatial autocorrelation pattern of land use and natural, social and economic factors, the Xiaoli River Basin in the Loess Hilly and Gully region was taken as the study area.Based on the global Moran's Moran's Moran scattered plot and Anselin local Moran's I, this paper analyzes the global and local spatial autocorrelation patterns of land use in the basin on the scale of 500m 脳 500m grid, and uses GIS technology to study the local concentration areas and elevations of all kinds of land use at the level of p0.05 significance.The relationship between slope, direction, distance from water, distance from road, distance from settlement.The results show that all land use types exhibit positive spatial autocorrelation, but the spatial positive autocorrelation decreases gradually with the increase of distance, and the spatial attenuation intensity of different land use types is different within 32 km.The spatial distribution of cultivated land and grassland showed a significant HH (high value-high value) LLL (low value-low value) aggregation trend, while garden land, forest land, construction land and unused land showed a significant HH aggregation trend.The HH accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in the watershed, the hilly or mountain area in the upper reaches, and the HH accumulation area in the forest land is mainly distributed in the gully region and the upstream mountain area.Other HH accumulation areas are mainly distributed in the broad loess beams or open valley areas of the lower reaches of the basin.With the increase of elevation and slope, the area of HHLL-like accumulation area increased first and then decreased.The slope area of 15 掳~ 25 掳and the positive positive and positive negative areas in the 1 000 ~ 1 300 m elevation area are the most diverse and concentrated areas of HH.The HH accumulation area of construction land and forest land is mainly distributed in 1 000 ~ 1 100 m elevation area, the HH accumulation area of cultivated land, garden land and unused land is mainly distributed in 1 100 ~ 1 200 m elevation area, and the HH accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in 1 200 ~ 1 300 m elevation area.According to the average slope of HH accumulation areas, the order is: construction land, cultivated land, garden land, woodland, unused land, grassland.For construction land, garden land and cultivated land HH accumulation area are mainly distributed in positive positive and semi-positive direction (positive positive area is the most, forest land and grassland HH accumulation area is mainly in positive negative and positive positive area (positive negative area is the most).The farther away from water area and road, except unused land, the area of HH-like accumulation area is decreasing, and the farther away from residential area, the area of HH accumulation area of grassland increases first and then decreases.However, the area of other HH accumulation areas is decreasing.The HHLL-like accumulation areas are concentrated in the range of 1.5 km from the water area, 1.5 km from the road and 3 km from the residential area.The closer it is to the waters, roads and settlements, the area of HH accumulation areas of construction land, garden land and cultivated land increases rapidly.Compared with HH accumulation area, the cultivated land LL accumulation area mainly distributes in the area above 1 200 m, the average slope increases, the positive positive direction area is slightly larger than the other slope direction area, the distance from the water area and the residential area is far and the area shows the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The LL accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in the slope area of 1 000 ~ 1 200 m elevation area with a slope of 15 掳~ 35 掳. The distribution area of each slope is similar to that of water area, the distance between road and residential area is close and the area is decreasing.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与干旱农业国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571263)
【分类号】：F301.2;P208

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