基于GIS的青藏铁路拉日段地质灾害危险性预测评价

发布时间：2018-04-20 07:30

本文选题：青藏铁路 + 地理信息技术　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：拉萨至日喀则段铁路作为青藏铁路的首条延伸线，具有重要的工程意义，且目前工程尚未完工，相关研究偏少，针对其所做的地质灾害危险性评估的意义具有重要的实用价值。此外，相比点上的工作，利用GIS所做的宏观面上的工作，对铁路的选线规划（避开高危险区域）、后期的铁路工程维护与保养（对潜在灾害点防治）都有尤为重要的作用。本文在前期对拉萨至日喀则铁路的现场调查基础上，充分收集研究区地质、环境、遥感影像等背景资料，以层次分析法和GIS技术为主要依托，对研究区进行危险性评价与预测。（1）对前期野外考察成果整理（分析实验数据，整理现场照片等），提取有用信息，并结合已有资料数据信息以及前人的研究成果，总结出研究区地质环境背景及地质灾害发育特征，统计出崩塌、滑坡、泥石流的空间发育情况。（2）建立研究区地质灾害危险性评价体系，首先确立危险性评价指标因子，主要选取了八个评价因子，分别是地形地貌、工程地质岩组、地质灾害发育程度、地壳稳定性、微地貌单元、人类工程活动、降水量及铁路距河流沟谷的距离。分别对各指标进行空间量化。（3）采用层次分析法建模，依托GIS技术进行地质灾害危险性的评价与预测，其中重点介绍了层次分析法的一般原理和建模步骤，针对拉萨至日喀则铁路特有的地质环境情况，采取专家评分构造比较矩阵，进而求取个评价因子的权重系数，确定各个评价因子的重要程度。利用Arcgis软件强大的空间数据分析与处理功能，对各个评价因子进行栅格计算，，将研究区划分为30×30m的单元格，将每一个单元格作为一个独立因子进行叠加计算，最终得出矩形重点研究区及铁路缓冲区的地质灾害危险性分区图。（4）通过对所得分区图进行数据分析，得出相应的防治区划建议，为工程建设的下一步筹划提供参考。此外，通过本文的研究，对铁路建设工程有重大影响的不良地质灾害类型，有了更进一步的明细和很大程度上的预见性，突出重点地进行防护与整治，将有效地提高工程效率，从而更好地完成全面建设资源节约型社会的发展目标。
[Abstract]:As the first extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the railway from Lhasa to Xigaze section has important engineering significance, and the project has not been completed at present, and the related research is on the low side, so it is of great practical value to assess the risk of geological hazards made by Lhasa to Xigaze Railway. In addition, compared with the work on the point, the macroscopic work done by GIS plays a very important role in railway line selection planning (avoiding the high risk area), and in the later stage of railway engineering maintenance (prevention and cure of potential disaster point). On the basis of field investigation of Lhasa to Xigaze railway, this paper collects the background data of geology, environment and remote sensing image of the study area. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS technology, the risk assessment and prediction of the study area is carried out. (1) sorting out the early field survey results (analyzing experimental data, arranging field photos, etc.), extracting useful information, and combining the existing data and data information, as well as the previous research results, The geological environment background and geological hazard development characteristics in the study area are summarized, and the spatial development of collapse, landslide and debris flow is calculated. (2) establishing a risk assessment system for geological hazards in the study area. Firstly, the risk assessment index factors are established, and eight evaluation factors are selected, namely, topography and geomorphology, engineering geological rock formation, degree of geological hazard development, crustal stability, etc. Microgeomorphology units, human engineering activities, precipitation, and railway distances from rivers and valleys. The spatial quantization of each index is carried out respectively. (3) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to model the geological hazard assessment and prediction based on GIS technology. The general principle and modeling steps of AHP are emphatically introduced, aiming at the unique geological environment of Lhasa to Xigaze railway. The comparison matrix is constructed by expert score, and the weight coefficient of an evaluation factor is obtained, and the importance of each evaluation factor is determined. Using the powerful spatial data analysis and processing function of Arcgis software, the grid calculation of each evaluation factor is carried out. The study area is divided into 30 脳 30 m cells, and each cell is superimposed as an independent factor. Finally, the geological hazard zoning map of rectangular study area and railway buffer zone is obtained. 4) through the analysis of the data of the zoning map, the corresponding suggestions of prevention and control zoning are obtained, which can provide a reference for the next step planning of the project construction. In addition, through the research in this paper, the types of unfavorable geological disasters which have great influence on railway construction projects have further details and a great degree of predictability. It will effectively improve the engineering efficiency by focusing on the protection and treatment of the key points. In order to better complete the overall construction of resources-saving society development goals.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208;U212.22

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