基于GIS的内蒙古地区元代城址考古研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 13:26

本文选题：GIS + 内蒙古地区　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着GIS及计算机技术的不断发展，GIS的应用越发广泛，从地理学科逐渐向其它相关地学领域延伸。GIS渗透于考古这门自然科学与人文科学结合的交叉学科上，拓展了考古学研究的理论、实践与方法。GIS在考古研究中的运用，大多以聚落考古研究为重点，用来考察聚落形态变迁和社会发展与周边自然环境间的关系——人地关系。由于GIS能从宏观层面体现人地关系类型及其演变特征，对时间较近的历史时期城址布局研究有很大的帮助。以往城址研究大多从单个城址内部形态、建筑构造、形制特征、功能布局等方面着手，对城址所处地理环境的分析也多集中于微观小环境分析，鲜有大区域宏观层面城址布局分析。本文通过建立内蒙古地区元代城址考古地理信息系统，采用GIS叠置分析、缓冲区分析、水文分析、数字地形分析及空间统计分析方法等进行分析和研究，从宏观层面研究城址分布特征，同时对地理环境与城址分布之间的关系做初步探讨。通过建立元代城址GIS数据库及进行相应空间分析与研究，得出以下结论： 1．元代城址主要靠近二级河流分布，且在1.5km河流缓冲区范围内城址分布数量最多，体现出元代城址选址时的近水考虑； 2．城址多分布于地形起伏较小区域，坡度主要分布范围为0-2°，海拔高度集中分布于1000-1500m范围区域； 3．从城址所在区域土壤与植被类型看，城址区域主要土壤类型为栗钙土与黄绵土，区域内植被以草原和稀树灌木草原为主的自然植被，整体而言，城址主要分布于宜牧的自然地理背景下。不论城址的单一还是广域空间分布，位置选择都与地理环境因素密切相关。在选址上，可能主要考虑获取水资源方便、地势平坦、海拔相对较低等适宜人类居住的区域，并以适宜发展牧业的植被、土壤类型为主。此外，在其它选址影响因素中有军事考虑，特别是元代始建的城址，往往是依据特殊地理背景，，选择具有重要军事意义的战略要地兴建城池。总之，元代城址在分布与选址环境上都体现出北方少数民族的统治意志。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of GIS and computer technology, the application of GIS has become more and more extensive. GIs has been gradually extended from geography to other related geoscience fields and permeated into the interdisciplinary subject of archaeology, which combines natural science and humanities. Expanding the theory, practice and method of archaeological research. The application of GIS in archaeological research is mainly focused on settlement archaeology, which is used to investigate the relationship between settlement morphology change and social development and surrounding natural environment. Because GIS can reflect the types of human-land relationship and its evolution characteristics from the macro level, it is of great help to the study of urban site layout in the recent historical period. In the past, the study of city site mostly started from the aspects of single city site internal form, architectural structure, shape characteristics, function layout, and so on. The analysis of the geographical environment of the city site also focused on the micro-environment analysis. There are few large-area macro-level city site layout analysis. Based on the establishment of the Archaeological Geographic Information system (GIS) of the Yuan Dynasty city site in Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzes and studies the methods of GIS overlay analysis, buffer analysis, hydrological analysis, digital terrain analysis and spatial statistical analysis. At the same time, the relationship between geographical environment and urban site distribution is preliminarily discussed. By establishing the GIS database of the city site of Yuan Dynasty and carrying on the corresponding spatial analysis and research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The city site of Yuan Dynasty is mainly close to the secondary river distribution, and the distribution quantity of the city site in the buffer zone of 1.5km river is the most, which reflects the near water consideration of the location of the city site in the Yuan Dynasty. 2. Most of the city sites are distributed in the small area of topographic fluctuation, the slope is mainly distributed in the range of 0-2 掳, and the altitude is concentrated in the region of 1000-1500 m. 3. The main soil types are chestnut soil and yellow spongy soil, and the natural vegetation in the region is steppe and savanna grassland. As a whole, the main soil types are chestnut soil and yellow spongy soil. The city site is mainly distributed in the natural geographical background of suitable grazing. The location selection is closely related to the geographical environment regardless of the single or wide-area spatial distribution of the city site. In the selection of site, the main consideration is to obtain water resources conveniently, flat terrain, relatively low altitude and other suitable areas suitable for human habitation, and to develop animal husbandry vegetation, soil type is the main. In addition, there are military considerations among the other factors affecting the location, especially the city site built in Yuan Dynasty, which is often based on the special geographical background to select strategic sites with important military significance to build the city. In short, the distribution and location environment of the Yuan Dynasty reflected the ruling will of the northern minorities.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K878;P208

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