基于点云数据的冲沟溯源侵蚀过程动态可视化研究与实现

发布时间：2018-05-02 16:49

本文选题：三维激光扫描 + 点云数据　；参考：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统测绘技术随着计算机技术的进步发展日益完善,但对于地形复杂且人员无法到达的区域,传统测绘技术仍然无法满足测量的需要。为了满足人类社会经济发展的需求,三维激光扫描技术是继GPS问世以来现代测绘领域又一新的变革。三维激光扫描技术凭借传统测量手段无法比拟的优势广泛使用在各个领域,在滑坡监测、古建筑保护、地形测量、三维城市建模等方面取得了令人满意的成果,特别是在复杂地形测量方面,三维激光扫描技术以非接触测量、自动化手段体现了更大的优势。结合动态可视化技术能够直观生动的再现复杂地形的形成过程。本文在了解大量三维激光扫描文献和相关可视化技术研究的基础上,结合三维激光扫描技术获取实验田模拟冲沟溯源侵蚀过程的点云数据,对具有三维坐标信息的海量点云进行处理并构建时空数据模型,通过ArcGIS10.0软件平台实现了实验田沟蚀现象动态可视化过程,论文主要研究内容为： (1)分析研究了三维激光扫描仪的工作原理和优势,以及激光扫描仪的类型和应用领域,并对激光扫描的点云数据进行点云拼接、噪声剔除等预处理。 (2)以实验田模拟冲沟侵蚀状态为研究对象,采用三维激光扫描仪获取点云数据并建立DEM空间模型。对DEM模型引入时间信息构建时态数据模型,实现冲沟溯源侵蚀过程的动态可视化表达。 (3)基于ArcSecne10.0软件平台,对实验田不同时刻侵蚀状态实现动态可视化演示,模拟冲沟溯源侵蚀的变化过程,并对可视化结果进行分析。 (4)对实验田沟蚀过程中侵蚀体积的变量进行数据分析和图形显示,研究整个过程中不同时刻的侵蚀强度和相邻时刻之间侵蚀强度对比,再现实验田侵蚀随时间推进的变化过程。对当地冲沟溯源侵蚀的机理研究具有一定的指导意义和决策依据。本文以实验田模拟冲沟溯源侵蚀过程为研究对象,结合ArcGIS10.0软件平台,实现了实验田侵蚀过程的动态演示,并对沟蚀体积的变化做出了定量分析,为冲沟溯源侵蚀的机理研究提供一定的参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology, the traditional surveying and mapping technology is becoming more and more perfect. However, the traditional surveying and mapping technology can not meet the needs of surveying for the areas where the terrain is complex and people can't reach it. In order to meet the needs of human social and economic development, 3D laser scanning technology is a new change in the field of modern surveying and mapping since the advent of GPS. 3D laser scanning technology has been widely used in various fields by virtue of the advantage that traditional measurement means can not be compared with. It has achieved satisfactory results in landslide monitoring, ancient building protection, topographic survey, 3D urban modeling and so on. Especially in the area of complex terrain measurement, 3D laser scanning technology has more advantages in non-contact measurement and automation. Combined with dynamic visualization technology, the formation process of complex terrain can be visualized and vividly reproduced. In this paper, based on the understanding of a large number of 3D laser scanning documents and related visualization techniques, the point cloud data of simulated trench traceability erosion process in experimental field are obtained by combining with 3D laser scanning technology. The massive point cloud with 3D coordinate information is processed and the spatio-temporal data model is constructed. The dynamic visualization process of trench erosion in experimental field is realized through ArcGIS10.0 software platform. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the working principle and advantages of 3D laser scanner, the types and application fields of laser scanner are analyzed, and the point cloud data of laser scanning are preprocessed such as point cloud splicing, noise elimination and so on. (2) A 3D laser scanner was used to acquire point cloud data and establish a DEM spatial model based on the experimental field simulation of gully erosion. Temporal data model is constructed by introducing time information into DEM model to realize dynamic visualization of trench traceability erosion process. 3) based on the ArcSecne10.0 software platform, the dynamic visualization of the erosion state at different times in the experimental field is realized, and the change process of the trench traceability erosion is simulated, and the visualization results are analyzed. (4) the data analysis and graph display of the erosion volume in the experiment field are carried out, and the comparison of erosion intensity at different time and adjacent time in the whole process is studied to reproduce the changing process of erosion with time in the experiment field. It has certain guiding significance and decision basis to study the mechanism of local gully traceability erosion. In this paper, the dynamic demonstration of the erosion process of the experimental field is realized based on the simulation of trench traceability erosion process in the experimental field, and the quantitative analysis of the change of the gully erosion volume is made in combination with the ArcGIS10.0 software platform. It provides a certain reference for the study of the mechanism of trench traceability erosion.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P931;P225.2

【参考文献】