基于RS和GIS的雅砻江流域生态环境综合评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 03:05

本文选题：RS和GIS技术 + 雅砻江流域　；参考：《成都理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态环境问题是影响人类生存和发展的基本问题，保护生态环境，走可持续发展道路，，已成为人类对生存发展环境的共识。流域生态系统的健康与社会经济、人类、生存环境等密切相关。近年来，随着流域生态问题的日益突出，如何评价流域生态状况成为水利科学、环境科学和生态学领域研究的热点之一。对雅砻江流域生态环境质量进行评价，分析其变化规律，能够更好的保护和治理流域生态环境。自从上个世纪末国家实施西部大开发战略以来，经济发展重心开始向西部倾斜，在经济发展与生态建设并重的要求下，雅砻江流域地区的经济建设对生态环境的影响越来越引起社会各阶层的广泛关注。成昆铁路的建成、矿产资源的开发、人类活动对环境越来越多的干预，虽然为区域的经济发展和能源运输提供了条件，同时也引发了有关资源开发与生态保护之间的矛盾。本论文以大尺度的整个雅砻江流域为研究对象，依据研究区存在的主要生态环境问题，以遥感、地理信息系统等技术手段，以雅砻江流域生态环境评价专题数据库的建立为基础，结合生态学、环境学、统计学等原理，多角度，多技术进行雅砻江流域生态环境现状及变迁研究、综合评价和成果输出，并分析研究区内生态环境总体变化和空间分异特征。雅砻江流域生态环境综合评价为区域可持续发展和环境保护提供了科学依据和理论支持，同时也为复杂地区的生态环境系统研究进行了新的探索与尝试。研究内容主要如下： 1、以2009年多源遥感数据、专题数据和全国1:25万地形图数据为基础，提取数字高程模型、归一化植被指数、归一化差异水体指数、归一化建筑指数、土地利用、土壤湿度指数等生态环境因子数据，结合多次野外生态调查，对雅砻江流域地区21世纪初的生态环境现状进行监测与变迁分析。 2、依据雅砻江流域生态环境限制因子和主要存在的生态环境问题，选取典型的生态环境因子，建立较为完善的生态环境现状和变迁评价指标体系。生态环境现状综合评价包括地形地质条件、自然资源、生态水资源、土地类型、社会经济条件5个层面16个指标。 3、分析现有主要生态环境评价模型优缺点的基础上，基于30m×30m网格和改进的县域的两种单元，采用主观权重与客观权重相结合的层次分析评价方法对雅砻江流域全区生态环境进行现状和变迁评价，结果表明：近30年来雅砻江流域生态环境区域差异明显，南部、东南部气候条件较好的地区生态环境良好，但在上游高海拔广大地区也存在部分潜伏区，稍有不甚，就可能造成生态环境恶化。 4、以多源遥感数据提取的雅砻江流域生态环境本底数据为基础，结合气候、社会和经济数据，通过多源数据的格式转换和坐标统一建立雅砻江流域生态环境评价专题数据库，为生态环境变迁与评价的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。 5、综合生态环境综合评价结果与生态环境各因子空间变迁规律，分析了近30年来雅砻江流域生态环境变迁的驱动力，自然因素特别是气候变迁是雅砻江流域大尺度生态环境变迁的驱动力因素，雅砻江流域地质、地貌背景下的生态环境原生地域差异是宏观气候条件变化影响下，不同地域生态环境变迁的根本原因，而人类活动加剧了生态环境恶化。 6、最后对雅砻江流域生态环境保护讨论可持续发展策略，并总结本次研究的学习感悟。研究结果表明，通过RS与GIS技术，选取不同方法对流域信息进行提取，从多尺度进行生态环境质量评价和时序分析是可行的，对雅砻江流域生态环境的保护和治理具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the basic problem that affects human survival and development. Protecting the ecological environment and taking the road of sustainable development have become the common understanding of the environment of survival and development. The health of the watershed ecosystem is closely related to the social economy, the human and the living environment. In recent years, with the increasingly prominent ecological problems in the basin, how to evaluate the flow of the river basin The ecological environment of the region has become one of the hotspots in the research of water science, environmental science and ecology. The evaluation of the ecological environment quality of the Yalong River Basin and the analysis of its changing rules can better protect and control the ecological environment of the river basin.
Since the end of last century, since the country carried out the strategy of western development, the center of economic development has begun to tilt to the West. Under the requirements of economic development and ecological construction, the economic construction of the Yalong River Basin has attracted more and more attention from all social strata. The completion of Chengkun railway and the development of mineral resources More and more human activities interfere with the environment, although it provides conditions for regional economic development and energy transport, and it also leads to the contradiction between resource development and ecological protection.
Based on the main ecological environment problems existing in the study area, this paper takes the main ecological environment problems in the study area, based on the remote sensing and geographic information system, based on the establishment of the ecological environment evaluation database of the Yalong River Basin, combining the principles of ecology, environment and statistics, multi angle and multi technology. Study on the ecological environment and changes of the ecological environment of the long river basin, comprehensive evaluation and output, and analyze the overall and spatial characteristics of the ecological environment in the study area. The comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment in the Yalong River basin provides scientific basis and theoretical support for regional sustainable development and environmental protection, as well as the ecological environment system in the complex area. New research and attempt have been carried out.
The main contents of the research are as follows:
1, based on the 2009 multi-source remote sensing data, thematic data and the national 1:25 topographic map data, the digital elevation model, the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized difference water index, the normalized construction index, the land use, the soil moisture index and other ecological factors data, combined with multiple field ecological investigations, and 21 of the Yalong River Basin area. The current situation of ecological environment in the early 21st century was monitored and analyzed.
2, according to the ecological environment restriction factors and the main existing ecological environment problems in the Yalong River Basin, the typical ecological environment factors are selected to establish a more perfect ecological environment status and evaluation index system. The comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment includes topographic and geological conditions, natural resources, ecological water resources, land types, social economic strips. There are 16 indicators in 5 levels.
3, on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing main ecological environment evaluation models, based on the 30m x 30m grid and the improved two units of the county, the assessment method of the ecological environment of the Yalong River Basin is carried out by the hierarchical analysis and evaluation method combined with the subjective weight and the objective weight. The results show that the Yalong River has been born in the last 30 years. There are obvious regional differences in the state environment. There are good ecological environment in the South and southeastern regions with better climate conditions, but there are also some latent areas in the upper reaches of the high altitude area, which may cause the ecological environment to deteriorate slightly.
4, based on the background data of the Yalong River Basin, based on the data extracted from the Yalong River Basin and combining the climate, social and economic data, the ecological environment evaluation database of the Yalong River Basin is established through the format conversion of multi source data and the unified coordinate, which lays a foundation for the further in-depth study of the ecological environment change and evaluation.
5, comprehensive ecological environment comprehensive evaluation result and the spatial change law of various factors of ecological environment, analysis the driving force of ecological environment change of Yalong River Basin in the last 30 years, natural factors especially climate change is the driving force factor of the large scale ecological environment changes in Yalong River Basin, the Yalong River Basin geology, the ecological environment original under the geomorphic background Geographical difference is the fundamental reason for the change of ecological environment in different regions under the influence of macro climatic conditions, and human activities exacerbate the deterioration of the ecological environment.
6, finally, discuss the sustainable development strategy in the ecological environment protection of Yalong River Basin, and sum up the learning insights of this study.
The results show that it is feasible to select different methods to extract the information of the river basin through RS and GIS technology, and it is feasible to evaluate the ecological environment quality and time sequence analysis from multiscale. It has important guiding significance for the protection and control of the ecological environment in the Yalong River Basin.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P237;X826

【参考文献】