基于RS和GIS的青藏高原高湖面与现在湖面对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:06

本文选题：青藏高原 + 湖岸堤　；参考：《青海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文利用RS与GIS相结合的手段，对青藏高原上201个湖泊的现在湖面的面积与分布状况进行统计，并对高原高湖面的面积、高程进行恢复、重建和统计，再分区对比分析高原现在湖面与高湖面分布及原因，验证前人研究成果，提出自己研究中发现的问题，也希望对今后的相关研究提供一定帮助。研究表明：青藏高原现在湖面最小的湖泊是多玛错，最大的湖泊是青海湖。青海湖是高原上面积最大的咸水湖，也是青藏高原上面积最大的湖泊；阿牙克库木湖是青藏高原上面积最大的盐湖；塔若错是青藏高原上面积最大的淡水湖泊。高原上湖泊以咸水湖为主。除青海湖，色林错，扎日楠木错、扎陵湖、鄂陵湖等特大型湖泊外，淡水湖一般面积小于咸水湖，而单个盐湖面积较大。青藏高原区域湖泊除少部分湖泊外，绝大多数的湖泊海拔都在4000~6000m之间，平均海拔为4616.51m。其中，森里错海拔5393m，是高原上海拔最高的湖泊；尕海（非近青海湖）海拔2682m，是高原上海拔最低的湖泊。湖泊数量与面积并非正比关系。青藏高原高湖面时期湖泊面积远大于现在湖面面积，大湖期共有大于30km2的自然湖泊126个，总面积323948.27km2，约占整个青藏高原面积的10.7%，其中面积10000km2以上的大型湖泊共有两个，高湖面平均海拔为4811.61m，高于现在湖面195.10m。由于高湖面时期降雨丰沛，，湖泊类型多为淡水湖泊。高原高湖面恢复后湖泊分布由零散分布变成具有一定走向形的分布。且不同区域湖泊的现在湖面分布与高湖面分布特点有所不同。高原上多数湖泊湖岸堤道数集中在5~15条，说明高原湖泊退缩具有一定的规律性和统一性。高湖面时期湖面海拔在南北趋势上与现在相反。在30kaBP前后的末次间冰段青藏高原大湖期普遍存在，后因气候变干，湖面萎缩，近40年来高原湖面因气候变暖，湖泊补给增多都有所上涨，但是这只是气候直线式变干中的小波动，大的时间尺度内，干化盐化依然是湖泊发展的主要趋势。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the area and distribution of 201 lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are analyzed by means of RS and GIS, and the area and elevation of the high lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are restored, reconstructed and counted. The distribution and causes of the present and high lakes on the plateau are compared and analyzed, the results of previous studies are verified, and the problems found in their own research are put forward, which is also hoped to provide some help for the related research in the future. The results show that the smallest lake in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is Domacho and the largest lake is Qinghai Lake. Qinghai Lake is the largest saltwater lake on the plateau, it is also the largest lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the Ajakumu Lake is the largest salt lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and Taloc Lake is the largest freshwater lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The lakes on the plateau are mainly saline lakes. Except Qinghai Lake, Selinco, Zaginamu, Zaling Lake, Eling Lake and other super large lakes, the general area of fresh water lake is smaller than that of salt water lake, but the area of single salt lake is larger. Except a few lakes, most of the lakes in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are between 4000 and 6000 m above sea level, with an average elevation of 4616.51 m. Senlico is the highest lake on the plateau, and Gahai (not near Qinghai Lake) is the lowest lake on the plateau. The number of lakes is not proportional to the area. The lake area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the high lake period was much larger than that of the present lake area. In the Great Lakes period, there were 126 natural lakes with a total area of 323948.27km2, accounting for about 10.7% of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, of which there were two large lakes with an area over 10000km2. The average elevation of the high lake is 4811.61 m, which is higher than that of the present lake area (195.10 m). Due to the abundant rainfall during the period of high lake surface, the type of lake is mostly fresh water lake. The lake distribution changed from scattered distribution to a certain trend distribution after the recovery of plateau high lake surface. The distribution characteristics of the present and high lakes in different regions are different. The number of levees along the lake banks of most lakes on the plateau is concentrated at 515, which indicates that the retreat of plateau lakes has certain regularity and unity. During the high lake period, the elevation of the lake was opposite to that of the present. During the Great Lakes period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau before and after the last ice section before and after 30kaBP, the lake surface shrank due to the drying of the climate. In the last 40 years, the lake surface of the plateau has increased due to the climate warming, and the supply of lakes has increased. However, this is only a small fluctuation in the direct drying of climate. In large time scale, drying and salinization is still the main trend of lake development.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P237;P208;P343.3

【参考文献】