近景摄影测量中二维控制的数码相机分步检校方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 04:40

本文选题：数码相机 + 近景摄影测量　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近景摄影测量是通过拍摄目标影像,然后对影像进行分析和处理,以获取目标状态的一门学科。与其他测量方式相比,具有信息量大、速度快和精度高的特点,而被广泛应用于测绘之外的其他领域。随着图像处理和计算机技术的发展,普通数码相机逐渐成为近景摄影测量的主要数据获取来源,使得传统的近景摄影测量得到了新的发展。普通数码相机不同于专业量测相机,在用于摄影测量前需要对其进行相机检校,检校方法和影像处理方法成为近景摄影测量以及计算机图形学近期研究热点之一。本文首先研究分析了数码相机的结构稳定性,证明了普通数码相机应用于摄影测量的可靠性。然后分析了在利用二维控制场进行数码相机检校整体平差时出现的参数相关性问题,并定性分析了像片三个角元素对参数相关性的影响。针对基于二维控制的数码相机检校过程中内方位元素与外方位元素之间出现强相关问题[1],文章提出一种二维控制的数码相机分步检校方法。该方法避免在平差过程中同时解算内方位元素与外方位元素,从而避免出现不定解的情况;并且通过控制摄影方式,将相机主距转变成摄站距离差的函数,将摄站距离差作为观测值,准确解算相机主距。实验结果表明,该方法解算得到的相机畸变参数满足近景摄影测量的要求,具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Close-range photogrammetry is a subject that takes target image and then analyzes and processes the image to obtain the target state. Compared with other measurement methods, it has the characteristics of large amount of information, high speed and high precision, so it is widely used in other fields besides surveying and mapping. With the development of image processing and computer technology, the common digital camera is becoming the main source of data acquisition for close-range photogrammetry, which makes the traditional close-range photogrammetry get new development. Ordinary digital camera is different from professional measuring camera. It is necessary to calibrate the camera before it is used in photogrammetry. Calibration methods and image processing methods have become one of the hotspots in the recent research of close-range photogrammetry and computer graphics. In this paper, the structural stability of digital camera is analyzed, and the reliability of ordinary digital camera in photogrammetry is proved. Then the problem of parameter correlation is analyzed when the whole adjustment of digital camera is calibrated by using two-dimensional control field, and the influence of three angle elements on the correlation of parameters is analyzed qualitatively. In order to solve the problem of strong correlation between internal and external azimuth elements in the process of digital camera calibration based on two-dimensional control, this paper presents a two-dimension control method for digital camera stepwise calibration. In this method, the internal azimuth element and the outer azimuth element are solved simultaneously in the adjustment process, thus the uncertain solution is avoided, and the camera main distance is transformed into a function of the camera station distance difference by controlling the photographing mode. The range difference of the camera is taken as the observation value, and the camera main distance is calculated accurately. The experimental results show that the distortion parameters obtained by this method meet the requirements of close-range photogrammetry and are feasible.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P234.1

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