基于GIS的吉林省生态脆弱性研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 05:07

本文选题：GIS + 生态脆弱性　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态环境是生物群落与非生物自然因素组成的各种生态系统所构成的整体，是人类生存和发展的基础。生态环境的健康发展关系到整个社会经济的可持续发展。近年来，随着对全球变化影响效应研究的不断加强，生态环境的脆弱性研究成为了各相关学科研究的热点。吉林省位于松辽平原中部，其境内资源丰富，自然条件优越，然而近年来由于人为因素影响，加上自然环境的灾害，其生态系统遭到了严重破坏。了解吉林省生态脆弱性，对于认识该区域生态环境质量，合理利用国土资源和制定区域发展战略，促进吉林省可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以吉林省为研究对象，利用相关资料，经过克里格插值等方法计算获取各专题指标因子栅格大小为100m×100m的分布图，并利用主成分分析方法确定各指标因子权重，在GIS支持下建立多源空间数据叠加的生态脆弱性评价模型，从而对吉林省生态脆弱状况进行评价。本文的主要结论如下：（1）吉林省整体生态脆弱状况属于中度脆弱偏强状态，其生态脆弱性指数的最大值为0.853981，最小值为0.0989159，，平均值为0.524038。根据相关生态脆弱性评价研究，结合吉林省生态环境特征，本文将吉林省生态脆弱程度划分为五个级别：潜在脆弱、轻度脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱以及极度脆弱。（2）从总的空间分布来看，吉林省生态脆弱性分布的趋势基本呈现出自东向西的逐渐过渡，且西部地区整体比东部地区生态脆弱。吉林省东部地区生态环境较好，但由于人为等因素的影响，原始的生态良好区域，如今也出现了相应的中度脆弱和轻度脆弱状况。中部地区土壤结构良好，土质肥沃，但由于长期的连作，土壤退化；同时由于该区城市的扩张速度较快，产生了一系列城市生态环境问题，故中部地区生态环境为大面积的重度脆弱和中度脆弱。西部地区由于气候、水文地质、人为等因素影响，该区“三化”问题严峻，故西部地区生态环境大部分为重度脆弱和极度脆弱。（3）吉林省各市（州）间自然环境等条件差异较大，且个别地区生态脆弱程度较高，处于严峻的生态脆弱边缘，应当引起高度重视，加强生态环境的平衡发展。通过区域内部差异分析，吉林省各市（州）的生态脆弱程度差异显著，平均值介于0.312154-0.666513之间。白城市生态环境最为脆弱，生态脆弱性以重度脆弱和极度脆弱为主，主要由于该地区盐碱化程度严重，人类不合理的开发利用和特定自然环境加剧了其生态脆弱性的强度。白山市生态脆弱程度最小，以轻度脆弱为主。白山市自然条件非常优越，总体生态水平较高，但其各区域的生态脆弱差异显著，空间上呈现出向西向北的递增趋势。松原市、四平市和长春市生态脆弱程度较大，均以重度脆弱为主。辽源市和吉林市均以中度脆弱为主。通化市和延边朝鲜族自治州均以轻度脆弱和中度脆弱为主。（4）生态脆弱性检验结果表明：生态脆弱性指数值（EVI）与年最大NDVI值间呈现简单的线性相关关系：y=-0.6724x+1.0218，相关系数的平方为0.7855，说明NDVI与EVI之间存在较高的相关性。与此同时，经SOFM神经网络检验，吉林省生态脆弱程度也大致呈东——西走向，从而说明，利用主成分分析法来探究吉林省生态脆弱状况具有一定的确定性，并能较好的反映吉林省生态脆弱性。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the whole of various ecological systems composed of biotic community and non - biotic natural factors . It is the foundation of human existence and development . The healthy development of ecological environment is related to the sustainable development of the whole society .

Jilin Province is located in the middle of Songliao Plain with rich resources and excellent natural conditions . However , in recent years , due to human factors and natural disasters , its ecological system has been seriously damaged . Understanding the ecological fragility of Jilin Province is of great significance to the understanding of the ecological environment quality of the region , rational use of land resources and the development of regional development strategies , and to promote sustainable development in Jilin Province .

Taking Jilin Province as the research object , using relevant data and Kriging interpolation method , the distribution map of each index factor grid size of 100m 脳 100m is obtained , and the weight of each index factor is determined by using principal component analysis method . The ecological vulnerability evaluation model of multi - source spatial data superposition is established under the support of GIS . The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :

( 1 ) The ecological vulnerability of Jilin Province is moderately fragile , the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index is 0.853981 , the minimum value is 0.0989159 , the average value is 0.552 4038 . According to the relevant ecological vulnerability assessment research , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is divided into five levels : potential vulnerability , mild vulnerability , moderate vulnerability , severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 2 ) According to the overall spatial distribution , the trend of ecological fragility distribution in Jilin Province is mainly from the gradual transition from east to west , and the western region is more fragile than the eastern region .
At the same time , because of the rapid expansion speed of the city , a series of urban ecological environment problems have been generated , so the ecological environment in the central area is a large area of severe vulnerability and moderate vulnerability . The western region is serious due to climate , hydrogeologic and man - made factors . Therefore , the ecological environment in the western region is largely fragile and extremely fragile .

( 3 ) The ecological fragility of Baishan city is the most vulnerable and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and the extreme vulnerability . The ecological fragility of Baishan city is very fragile and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 4 ) The results of ecological vulnerability test show that the ecological vulnerability index value ( EVI ) presents a simple linear correlation between the annual maximum vegetation index value ( EVI ) and the annual maximum : y = - 0.6724x + 1.0218 , the square of the correlation coefficient is 0.7855 , which indicates that there is a high correlation between the vegetation and the EVI . At the same time , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is roughly in the east _ west direction by SOFM neural network .

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X826

【参考文献】