基于GIS的黄土高原沟壑区土壤管理信息系统的建立

发布时间：2018-05-13 14:45

本文选题：土壤管理信息系统 + 黄土高原沟壑区　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国土地广袤，土壤类型丰富，但是土壤资源面临着巨大的问题。如我国耕地面积少，区域分布不均；人口众多，人均占有量低；随着经济迅速化发展和城市化进程的加剧，土壤质量退化严重，并且随着水土流失、土壤酸化盐碱化、土壤沙化和土壤养分失调，，土壤退化现象呈不断加速和扩张的趋势，如何科学有效的掌握土壤资源的信息及其动态是今后一段时间内政府和农业部门急需解决的问题。地理信息系统作为基于地理科学和信息科学的交叉学科，是集合地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感科学(RS)和全球定位系统(GPS)、计算机制图学、虚拟技术多媒体技术和数字通讯网路技术为一体的科学技术体系，其为土壤学的发展带来了新的方向和手段。本研究通过收集、分析黄土高原沟壑区的数据，建立了基于GIS黄土高原沟壑区土壤管理信息系统，取得了以下研究结果： 1）首先是依托于陕西省耕地地力评价项目，收集了具有代表性的旬邑县大量土壤养分数据、土壤类型数据、土层结构数据、相关图件和大量属性数据。通过对数据分析讨论后，进行统一编码，建立空间数据库，实现了空间矢量数据、非矢量栅格数据和属性数据的统一管理。 2）通过需求分析，在了解用户需求后，通过利用ESRI公司提供的ArcGIS Engine二次开发组件在Microsoft公司提供的Microsoft Visual Studio2008开发环境下，利用C#语言搭建了黄土高原沟壑区土壤管理信息系统，在系统中实现了GIS基础功能、数据管理、专题评价和制图报表四个模块。 3）在系统中，针对黄土沟壑区本身的特点、土壤管理信息系统的要求和土壤信息系统使用者的需求，设计了耕地地力评价、作物适宜性评价和空间数据一体化管理模块三个个功能模块。为本地区及时掌握土壤数据信息，进行土壤数据分析和数据挖掘，指导农作物生产和农业可持续发展决策提供了强有力的技术支持和理论依据。
[Abstract]:China has vast land and rich soil types, but soil resources are facing enormous problems. For example, the area of cultivated land in China is small, the regional distribution is uneven; the population is large, the per capita possession is low; with the rapid development of economy and the aggravation of urbanization, the soil quality is degraded seriously, and with soil erosion, soil acidification and salinization, Soil desertification and soil nutrient imbalance, soil degradation is accelerating and expanding trend, how to scientifically and effectively grasp the information and dynamics of soil resources is an urgent problem to be solved by the government and the agricultural sector in the future. As an interdisciplinary subject based on geographic science and information science, GIS is a collection of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing science (RS) and global positioning system (GPS), computer cartography, Virtual technology multimedia technology and digital communication network technology as one of the science and technology system, it has brought a new direction and means for the development of soil science. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the gully region of the Loess Plateau, a soil management information system based on GIS is established in this study. The results are as follows: 1) firstly, based on the evaluation project of cultivated land fertility in Shaanxi Province, a large number of soil nutrient data, soil type data, soil structure data, related maps and a large number of attribute data were collected from Xunyi County. Through the analysis and discussion of the data, the unified coding is carried out, and the spatial database is established. The unified management of the spatial vector data, the non-vector raster data and the attribute data is realized. 2) through the requirement analysis, after understanding the user's demand, the soil management information system in the gully region of the Loess Plateau is built by using the C # language under the Microsoft Visual Studio2008 development environment provided by the Microsoft Company by using the ArcGIS Engine secondary development component provided by ESRI Company. In the system, the basic function of GIS, data management, thematic evaluation and cartographic report are implemented. 3) in the system, according to the characteristics of loess gully region, the requirements of soil management information system and the needs of users of soil information system, the evaluation of cultivated land fertility is designed. Crop suitability evaluation and spatial data integrated management module three functional modules. It provides a strong technical support and theoretical basis for the region to grasp soil data information, analyze and mine soil data, guide crop production and agricultural sustainable development decision-making.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S159;P208;TP311.52

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