基于高分影像的牧区聚落演变及其影响因子——以西藏当曲流域为例

发布时间：2018-05-14 01:20

本文选题：牧区聚落 + 聚落生态　；参考：《经济地理》2017年06期

【摘要】：基于2010年Google Earth数据、2015年资源三号卫星高分辨率遥感影像,借助ENVI和Arc GIS,在村落—庭院尺度,刻画了西藏当雄县当曲流域聚落演变,分析了聚落演变的影响因子及影响机制,探讨了牧区聚落优化的路径。研究发现:(1)2010—2015年当曲流域聚落已经由传统的游牧迁徙演进到定居放牧阶段,聚落规模显著增大,分布海拔有所降低、选址改善,亚村落—庭院尺度的聚落斑块呈集聚型,聚落定居化、集中化趋势明显。(2)水源、草场、交通是牧区聚落集聚的引力因子,高海拔、地质灾害、生态保护是聚落集聚的斥力因子。聚落体系在吸引力和排斥力的矛盾中不断演化发展。分布于低海拔、地势平坦、水草丰美、交通便捷的地区的聚落得以快速发展;分布于高海拔、山区、水草资源欠佳、生态敏感、交通不便地区的聚落趋于萎缩。(3)生态化、产业化、城镇化、定居化深刻影响着牧区聚落分布格局与发展演变。可选取经济生态化、特色产业化、新型城镇化、适度定居化等路径,优化区域规划、完善公用基础设施、高效配置水草资源和整合制度政策,促进草原牧区聚落可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Based on the 2010 Google Earth data, the high-resolution remote sensing images of Resource-3 satellite in 2015 were used to depict the evolution of settlement in Dangqu Basin of Dangxiong County, Tibet, with the help of ENVI and Arc GIS, and to analyze the influencing factors and the influencing mechanism of the evolution of settlements in Dangxiong County, Tibet. The path of settlement optimization in pastoral area is discussed. It is found that the settlement in the Dangqu River Basin has evolved from traditional nomadic migration to settled grazing from 2010 to 2015, and the settlement scale has increased significantly, the distribution of altitude has decreased, the location has been improved, and the subvillage-courtyard scale settlement patches are in the form of agglomeration. Settlement, concentration trend is obvious. 2) Water source, pasture and traffic are gravity factors of settlement agglomeration in pastoral area, high altitude, geological hazard and ecological protection are repulsive factors of settlement agglomeration. The settlement system evolves in the contradiction of attraction and repulsive power. Settlements in areas with low altitude, flat terrain, abundant watery plants and convenient transportation can develop rapidly; in high altitude and mountainous areas, the water and grass resources are poor, ecological sensitive, and the settlements in areas with poor transportation tend to shrink. Industrialization, urbanization and settlement have a profound impact on the distribution pattern and development of pastoral settlements. Economic ecology, characteristic industrialization, new urbanization and moderate settlement can be selected to optimize regional planning, perfect public infrastructure, allocate water and grass resources efficiently and integrate system policies to promote sustainable development of grassland and pastoral areas.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571496) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)课题(XDB03030500) 西藏重大科技专项项目(Z2016C01G01/04) 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0503403)
【分类号】：F127;P237

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