基于GIS的加油站安全性评价

发布时间：2018-05-16 01:16

本文选题：加油站 + GIS　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年地震灾害的频发，给国家、社会、人民的经济、生活、生命财产安全等带来了巨大的损失。对于人口高度密集、高楼大厦鳞次栉比、生活生产设施成千上万的大中型城市来说，在遭遇地震能量冲击的一瞬间，无数建筑、设备毁于一旦，山崩海泄等带来的直接损失不可估量，由地震破坏引起的次生灾害，如爆炸、火灾、水灾、海啸、瘟疫等，不仅严重影响人们的正常生活，而且严重威胁着人民的生命财产安全。因此，对地震次生灾害源危害影响也是迫切需要研究的一个课题。随着我国社会主义市场经济建设的快速发展，我国整体综合国力显著增强，国民生活水平普遍提高。汽车保有量近几年增势迅猛，作为保障汽车正常行驶的加油站数量也随之增长。由于我国城市安全理论研究起步较晚，城市安全规划科技水平不发达，，投资业主唯利是图，导致加油站“遍地开花”，而且布局在人口密集区、生态保护区、环境敏感区的比比皆是。加油站作为地震次生灾害源之一，一旦发生地震，因其贮存危险化学品，将可能发生爆炸、火灾、有毒气体泄漏等，严重威胁着附近居民、环境乃至整座城市的安全。本文以在国家社会地震服务工程山东省六城市数据搜集项目中搜集到的地震次生灾害源—加油站（本文以济南市主城区加油站数据为基础）的数据，不同于以往运用事故致因理论（人-材-机-环境）评价安全性的定性方法，而是应用GIS空间分析技术对加油站与其周边建筑物进行了安全距离分析，并基于最坏事故数学模拟假设分析加油站发生爆炸或火灾时可能造成的灾害影响范围，对发生事故后的消防救援力量与医疗救援力量的便利性进行了分析，最后运用模糊综合评价法结合以上几个安全影响因素对山东省济南市主城区加油站进行安全评价，得出了济南市主城区27%的加油站处于“欠安全”状态，其余均处于“不安全”状态的结论。以期运用定量分析方法对山东省济南市的城市安全规划，城市居民能够对于位于自身周边加油站安全性有科学简便的直观认识，做出些许贡献。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of earthquake disasters has brought huge losses to the country, society, people's economy, life, life and property safety and so on. For large and medium-sized cities with high population density, high buildings and thousands of living and production facilities, in the instant of the earthquake energy shock, countless buildings and equipment were destroyed. The direct losses caused by landslides and sea leaks are incalculable. Secondary disasters caused by earthquake damage, such as explosions, fires, floods, tsunamis, plagues, and so on, not only seriously affect people's normal lives, And a serious threat to people's lives and property safety. Therefore, the impact of earthquake secondary hazards is also an urgent need to be studied. With the rapid development of socialist market economy in China, the overall national strength has been significantly enhanced, and the standard of living of the people has been generally improved. Car ownership has been increasing rapidly in recent years, and the number of gas stations as a guarantee for the normal running of cars has also increased. Due to the late start of the study of urban safety theory in our country, the undeveloped level of science and technology in urban safety planning, and the profit-seeking of investment owners, the gas stations are "blooming everywhere", and the gas stations are distributed in densely populated areas and ecological protected areas. Environmental sensitive areas abound. As one of the sources of secondary disasters, once an earthquake occurs, gas stations may explode, fire and leak toxic gases because of their storage of dangerous chemicals, which seriously threaten the safety of nearby residents, the environment and even the whole city. This paper is based on the data collection project of six cities of Shandong Province of National Social Seismic Service Project, which is the source of secondary earthquake disaster, gas station (based on gas station data of Jinan City). Different from the previous qualitative method of safety evaluation based on accident cause theory (man-material, machine-environment), the safety distance between gas station and its surrounding buildings is analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis technology. Based on the mathematical simulation hypothesis of the worst-case accident, the influence range of the possible disaster caused by the explosion or fire at the gas station is analyzed, and the convenience of the fire rescue force and the medical rescue force after the accident is analyzed. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the safety of gas stations in Jinan City, Shandong Province, combined with the above safety factors, and it is concluded that 27% of the gas stations in Jinan City are in the state of "unsafety". The rest are in the "unsafe" state of the conclusion. With a view to applying quantitative analysis method to the urban safety planning of Jinan City of Shandong Province, urban residents can have a scientific and simple intuitive understanding of the safety of gas stations around them and make some contributions.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;U473.8

【相似文献】