GIS支持下的三峡库区生态空间研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 11:06

本文选题：生态空间 + GIS空间分析　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：生物体及其周围环境(包括非生物环境和生物环境)之间的相互关系是生态学的主要研究对象。但是，这种相互关系很可能受种群数量统计和环境背景波动的影响，并且在很大时空范围内发生。地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的出现，为生态学空间尺度研究提供了有效的分析手段。生态空间研究也逐渐演变为现代生态学和宏观生态学领域的重大研究课题。基于此背景，本文从“理论-技术-实证”三位一体出发，在充分融合“生态学基本理论”、“空间理论”和“GIS空间分析”技术基础上，提出了生态空间理论体系和系统化定量分析方法，并对受强烈“自然-人工”二元干扰下的三峡库区开展了实证研究。论文共分8章，总体上前2章为生态空间理论构建和GIS空间分析方法理论研究，中间5章为具体实证研究，最后1章为总结部分。取得的主要成果有： ①从生态空间概念架构，生态空间理论基本原理，GIS支持下的生态空间分析方法，生态空间格局、动态，生态空间调控与生态空间规划几个方面归纳总结了生态空间相关理论，在此基础上构建了基于GIS技术的生态空间理论体系，为实证研究奠定了理论和方法基础。 ②在上述理论与方法指导下，从四个方面开展了三峡库区生态空间定量化分析。结果显示：1)三峡库区生态系统以森林和农田为主，空间分布格局差异较大；2000-2010年间，人工表面面积持续增长，而农田面积大幅减少，其主要向森林、湿地和人工表面发生了大量转化；2)都市区-三峡腹心-东部中低山区城乡梯度样带上，人工表面表现出明显减弱趋势，呈典型的城乡过渡特征；受地形条件影响，森林、草地、农田等生态景观特征变化波动较大，偶然性突出；3)三峡库区生态敏感性以高度敏感为主，主要体现在生境和土壤侵蚀敏感性两方面，空间上高敏感区主要集中在东北部和东南部中低山森林植被覆盖区；4)生态系统服务功能重要性主要以高度重要和极重要为主，空间上东部重要性等级高于西部，极重要区域主要分布在主要干支流水域及其两侧，呈条带状分布；以及呈组团式分布在区内海拔较高的山脊，主要表现为生物多样性维持、土壤保持和水源涵养功能。 ③从自然条件、社会经济和生态环境三个方面出发，构建了14项定量指标，通过聚类分析和空间叠加方法，结合生态敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性评价结果，开展三峡库区生态功能区划。三峡库区划分为4个生态功能区和7个生态功能亚区。其中4个生态功能区分别为：1)都市圈城市生态调控区，主导生态功能为生态恢复与保护；2)平行岭谷低山丘陵农林及旅游生态经济发展区，主导生态功能为水文调蓄和水源涵养；3)三峡库区土壤侵蚀敏感与水源涵养生态功能区，主导生态功能为生物多样性保护、营养物质保持、水体保护、水源涵养和地质灾害防治；4)消落带水质保护及沿岸湿地生态休闲区，主导生态功能为水质保护。 ④三峡库区生态空间管控区通过生态保护红线划定表达，是维护生态系统服务、保障生态安全具有关键作用的最小生态空间。红线区主要由生物多样性保护区、重要生态功能区和生态敏感区三部分构成，实施分级管理。一级管控区和二级管控区面积分别为6087.83km2和8336.33km2，分别占三峡库区总面积的13.18%和18.05%。一级管控区主要分布在东部地区和都市区“四山”。在此基础上，针对三峡库区主导的生物多样性保护、水源涵养和土壤保持功能，，构建三峡库区综合生态安全格局。安全格局分三个等级，其中三级生态安全区占主导优势，面积为21076.48km2，占整个三峡库区总面积的45.64%；一级生态安全区和二级生态安全区面积相当，面积比分别为25.33%和29.03%。三个等级通过建立“底线、满意、理想”安全格局构成三峡库区综合生态安全的分级分类空间导控。 ⑤自然生态要素显著的过渡性特征和空间异质性，造就了三峡库区丰富多样的生态系统类型和极高的物种多样性。根据自然环境状况、生物多样性赋存特点、保护与利用方向，确定三峡库区5个生物多样性保护关键区基础上，以典型的“基质-斑块-廊道”网络型空间模式为基础，以区内低山森林及生态走廊为骨架，以中低山为生态源，构建了三峡库区四个等级的生态空间体系。此外，在资源系统、环境系统和社会经济系统三个方面选择25项定量指标建立生态经济空间评估体系，通过空间聚类方法，开展了三峡库区生态经济空间分区。三峡库区分为6个生态经济大区和8个生态经济亚区，并对各生态经济区分区定位及发展方向进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:The relationship between organisms and their surrounding environment, including the abiotic environment and the biological environment, is the main object of ecology. However, this relationship is likely to be affected by the population statistics and environmental fluctuations, and occurs in a large space and time range. Geographic Information System (GIS). It provides an effective analytical means for the study of ecological spatial scale. Ecological space research has gradually evolved into a major research topic in the field of modern ecology and macroecology. Based on this background, this paper, starting from the trinity of "theory technology demonstration", fully integrates the "basic theory of ecology", "space theory" and "space theory". On the basis of "GIS spatial analysis" technology, an ecological space theory system and systematic quantitative analysis method are proposed, and an empirical study is carried out on the Three Gorges Reservoir area under the strong "natural artificial" two yuan interference. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first 2 chapters are the theoretical study of the ecological space theory and the GIS spatial analysis method, and the middle 5 chapters are in the middle. The last 1 chapters are the concluding remarks. The main results are as follows:
(1) from the conceptual framework of ecological space, the basic principle of ecological space theory, the ecological spatial analysis method under the support of GIS, the ecological spatial pattern, the dynamic, the ecological space regulation and the ecological space planning, the ecological space related theories are summed up. On this basis, the ecological space theory system based on the GIS technology is constructed, and the empirical research is made for the empirical research. The study laid the foundation of theory and method.
Under the guidance of the above theories and methods, the quantitative analysis of ecological space in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has been carried out from four aspects. The results show that: 1) the ecological system of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is mainly forest and farmland, and the spatial distribution pattern is very different. In the 2000-2010 years, the artificial surface area continues to grow, and the area of farmland is greatly reduced, which is mainly to the forest and wet. There is a lot of transformation between the ground and the artificial surface; 2) on the gradient samples of the urban and rural areas of the Three Gorges and the middle and low mountain areas of the East, the artificial surface shows a obvious weakening trend, showing a typical urban and rural transitional characteristic; the changes of the ecological landscape characteristics of the forest, grassland and farmland fluctuate greatly by the terrain conditions, and 3) the Three Gorges Reservoir region. The state sensitivity is mainly highly sensitive, mainly in two aspects of habitat and soil erosion sensitivity. The spatial Gao Min sensing area is mainly concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern middle and low mountain forest vegetation areas; 4) the importance of ecosystem service function mainly is highly important and extremely important, and the importance of the East in the East is higher than that in the West. The most important areas are mainly distributed in the main dry branch water and its two sides, showing a strip distribution, and the group is distributed in the high altitude ridge in the area, mainly manifested in the maintenance of biodiversity, soil conservation and water conservation.
(3) from three aspects of natural conditions, social economy and ecological environment, 14 quantitative indexes are constructed. The ecological functional zoning of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is carried out by cluster analysis and space superposition method, combined with the ecological sensitivity and the importance evaluation of ecosystem service function. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is divided into 4 ecological functions and 7 ecological functions. Sub area. 4 ecological function areas are: 1) urban ecological regulation area of metropolitan area, leading ecological function for ecological restoration and protection; 2) parallel ridge valley low mountain and hills agroforestry and Tourism Ecological Economic Development Zone, the dominant ecological function for hydrological regulation and water conservation; 3) soil erosion sensitivity and water conservation ecological function area in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, The dominant ecological functions are biodiversity conservation, nutrient preservation, water conservation, water conservation and geological disaster prevention and control; 4) water quality protection of the falling zone and ecological leisure area along the coastal wetland, and the ecological function as the water quality protection.
(4) the ecological space management and control area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is delimited and expressed through the ecological protection red line. It is the minimum ecological space to maintain the ecosystem service and protect the ecological security. The red line area consists of three parts, the biodiversity conservation area, the important ecological function area and the ecological sensitive area, and the implementation of hierarchical management. The first level control area and two The area of the control and control area is 6087.83km2 and 8336.33km2 respectively. The 13.18% and 18.05%. level control areas in the total area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are mainly distributed in the eastern region and the "four mountains" in the metropolitan area. On this basis, the biodiversity conservation, water conservation and soil conservation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are used to build the comprehensive ecological security of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The security pattern is divided into three grades, of which the three level ecological safety zone occupies the dominant advantage, the area is 21076.48km2, accounting for 45.64% of the total area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the first grade ecological safety zone and the two level ecological safety area are equal, the area ratio is 25.33% and the 29.03%., respectively, through the establishment of the "bottom line, satisfactory, ideal" safety pattern. It is a hierarchical classification space guidance and control system for comprehensive ecological safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
The significant transitional and spatial heterogeneity of natural ecological factors make the Three Gorges Reservoir area rich and diverse types of ecosystems and high species diversity. Based on the natural environment, the characteristics of biodiversity, the protection and utilization direction, and on the basis of the key areas of the 5 species diversity conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, it is typical of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Based on the matrix - patch - corridor "network space model", with the low mountain forest and ecological corridor as the skeleton, and the middle and low mountain as the ecological source, the ecological space system of four grades of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is constructed. In addition, 25 quantitative indexes are selected to establish the ecological economic space assessment in the resources system, the environmental system and the social and economic system on three sides. The ecological economic spatial partition of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is carried out by spatial clustering method. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is divided into 6 ecological economic regions and 8 eco economic subregions, and the orientation and development direction of each ecological economic zone are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208;X171

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