基于GIS的奈曼旗农用地质量时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:47

本文选题：农用地质量 + 熵值法　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业可持续发展一直是中国的基本国策,2013年12月23日召开的中央农村工作会议中提出“确保粮食安全,坚守18亿亩耕地红线”的口号,并指出是2014年国家经济工作中的首要任务,其中北方干旱区农业系统的地位不容小觑。中国北方农牧交错带是自然群落——草地与人工群落——农田广泛交织或镶嵌的生态复合体,该区域具有不可估量的生产潜力,是荒漠化、沙化东移和南下的绿色屏障。奈曼旗位于科尔沁沙地南缘——典型的农牧交错区,其土地利用类型中农用地占24.25%,主要从事农业人口却占总人口的70.2%,对农用地的依赖性较强,但不理想的自然环境和不合理的人为活动加剧了该地区农用地质量的下降,提升农用地质量已刻不容缓;因此,从多种角度鉴定农用地质量差异,保持优质农用地并修复劣质农用地,根据农用地质量多层次分区管理,对农用地布局的调整及高效、合理利用农用地资源具有重要指导意义且成为了解决粮食安全的最佳途径。本文结合奈曼旗农用地的特点,选取基于有效磷、速效钾、土壤侵蚀、地形部位、农田基础设施等17个指标体系,借助变权观念,通过熵值法和主成分分析法确定权重;运用反距离权重法等空间分析技术和农用地质量分等定级法计算了内蒙古奈曼旗15个苏木镇的农用地质量等级,探讨了4期年份间时空分布的变化规律,并揭示了农用地主要影响因素的影响规律。本文主要得出结论如下:(1)奈曼旗农用地级别按面积排序:四级三级一级二级,所占比重为29.21%、25.98%、22.15%、22.66%。奈曼旗一级主要分布于东北部及中部,其外围分布着二级农用地,三级分布于中部和二级农用地的外围,四级分布于东南部山区。(2)农用地质量时间变化特点上,一级和四级农用地先降后升,其一级农用地面积由18%下降至16%再上升至23%;四级农用地面积在2006年达到34%,2009~2012年间均为26%,2015年逐步增加至29%;二级农用地经历了先升后降的过程,2009年为止由23%增加为26%,再下降至22%;三级的变化趋势同二级相似,2012年时最多达34%,由此递减为26%,二、三级的增加有效的减缓了优劣农用地之间的差异,级别分配趋于均匀化。(3)农用地质量空间变化特征上,2006~2015年间奈曼旗北部及中部离河流近的平坦地区向周边向南部递减且带动着周边地区也产生相应的好转,北部增添81.08Km2的一级农用地、南部减少了153.45Km2的六级农用地。但优质农用地数量仍稀少,利用较困难的农用地众多,分别为596.68Km2、1109.81Km2;风沙多发区及山区面临着退化危机,自然状况脆弱且缺乏稳定性,治理困难,山区农用地由1019.72Km2递减至731.12Km2,同时林地、草地的面积之和从649.31Km2猛增至1032.24Km2,其利用质量明显优于农用地。经济质量分布来看,大沁他拉镇及东北地区的自然条件和社会经济条件都非常有利于农业的发展,占总面积44.8%,呈现由此向外部逐渐降低的规律且南部四级农用地减少了248.28Km2。(4)评价指标体系中社会经济因素的影响逐渐超越自然因素,其灌溉保证率、农田基础设施、产量水平等三个指标因素的权重已达到0.4701。由于2006~2015年大沁他拉镇、明仁苏木、治安镇的有效灌溉保证率和完全配套的基础设施使得部分二级农用地已转为一级;而西北部分布着127.19Km2的风沙土、质地中41%为砂土、土壤养分含量较低,侵蚀严重,致使产量水平较低,使得部分一级和三级农用地成为二级;义隆永镇和新镇的地形和灌溉水源的作用明显,致使二级和四级农用地转为三级;青龙山镇、新镇等山区的部分三级农用地转入四级,虽然面临水土流失频发、农用地连片度低、地块面积小且分散分布于缓坡上的问题,地形部位、土壤质地等的自然权重高达0.3926,但农田基础设施齐全度、灌溉水源和排水体系的协调程度的提高,有效地改变着劣质农用地的利用,相比自然条件的改善更具现实意义。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of agriculture has always been the basic national policy of China. In the central rural work conference held in December 23, 2013, the slogan of "ensuring food security and adhering to the red line of 1 billion 800 million acres of cultivated land" was put forward and pointed out as the primary task in the national economic work in 2014. The status of agricultural system in the northern arid areas should not be underestimated. The pastoral ecotone is a natural community - grassland and artificial communities - an ecological complex which is widely interwoven or inlaid in farmland. The region has an inestimable production potential. It is the green barrier of desertification, desertification and south. The Naiman Banner is located in the southern edge of Horqin sandy land, the typical agro pastoral area, and its land use type is used for agricultural land. 24.25%, mainly engaged in agricultural population, accounting for 70.2% of the total population and strong dependence on agricultural land, but not ideal natural environment and unreasonable human activities aggravated the decline of the quality of agricultural land in this area, and the quality of agricultural land has been urgently needed. Therefore, the quality of agricultural land is identified from various angles, and the quality of agricultural land is maintained and the agricultural land is maintained and the quality of agricultural land is maintained and the agricultural land is maintained and In order to repair the poor agricultural land, according to the multi-level management of agricultural land quality, it has important guiding significance for the adjustment and efficiency of agricultural land distribution and the rational use of agricultural land resources and is the best way to understand the food safety. 17 index systems, such as farmland infrastructure, are used to determine weight by means of entropy method and principal component analysis with the help of the concept of variable weight. The grade of agricultural land quality in the 15 Su wood towns of Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia, is calculated by using the space analysis technique of reverse distance weighting and the grade classification method of agricultural land quality, and the changes of the spatial and temporal distribution between the 4 years are discussed. Law, and revealed the main influence factors of agricultural land. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the agricultural land level of Naiman Banner is ranked according to the area: four grade three level and two grade, the proportion is 29.21%, 25.98%, 22.15%, 22.66%. Naiman flag is mainly distributed in the northeast and Central, its peripheral distribution is two level agricultural land, three level distribution On the periphery of the agricultural land in the middle and two levels, the four level is distributed in the southeast mountain area. (2) on the characteristics of the time change of the agricultural land quality, the first and four grade agricultural land descends first and then rises, and the first grade agricultural land area falls from 18% to 16% and then up to 23%; the four grade agricultural land area is 34% in 2006, 26% in 2009~2012, and gradually increased to 29%, two level in 2015. Agricultural land has gone through the process of rising and descending first and then falling from 23% to 26% in 2009, and then down to 22%. The change trend of grade three is similar to that of grade two, and up to 34% in 2012, thus decreasing to 26%, two and three level effectively slowing down the difference between agricultural land and homogenization. (3) the spatial change characteristics of agricultural land quality. In 2006~2015, the flat areas near the river in the northern and central parts of the Naiman Banner were diminishing to the South and led to the corresponding improvement in the surrounding areas, the first grade agricultural land of 81.08Km2 was added to the north and the six grade of 153.45Km2 was reduced in the south, but the quantity of high quality agricultural land was still scarce and the more difficult agricultural land was used, respectively. For 596.68Km21109.81Km2, the wind and sand areas and mountainous areas are facing the degradation crisis, the natural condition is weak, the stability is lacking, the treatment is difficult, the agricultural land in the mountain area is reduced from 1019.72Km2 to 731.12Km2, and the area of the woodland, the grassland is rapidly increasing from the 649.31Km2 to the 1032.24Km2, and its utilization quality is obviously superior to the agricultural land. The natural conditions and social and economic conditions in qinara and northeastern regions are very beneficial to the development of agriculture, accounting for 44.8% of the total area, showing the law of gradually decreasing to the outside, and the reduction of the four level agricultural land in the southern part of the 248.28Km2. (4) index system of social and economic factors, which gradually surpasses the natural factors, its irrigation guarantee rate, and the agriculture. The weight of three index factors, such as field infrastructure, production level, and so on, has reached 0.4701. due to the 2006~2015 years of great Qinhe La Town, Akihito Su mu, the effective irrigation guarantee rate and complete supporting infrastructure in the town of public order made part of the two grade agricultural land turn to first grade; in the northwest, the wind sand soil of 127.19Km2, and the soil 41% sand, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, and soil, 41% of soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, and soil in 41% of the soil in the Northwest The nutrient content is low, the erosion is serious and the production level is low, which makes the part one and three grade agricultural land become two. The effect of the topographic and irrigation water of the Yilong and new town is obvious, causing the two and four grade agricultural land to three grade, and the three grade agricultural land in Qinglong, new town and other mountainous areas is transferred to grade four, although it is faced with soil erosion. Frequent occurrence, low degree of agricultural land, small land area and scattered on the gentle slope, the natural weight of topographic sites and soil texture is up to 0.3926, but the complete degree of farmland infrastructure, the improvement of the coordination degree of irrigation water source and drainage system, effectively changing the use of inferior agricultural land, is more present than the improvement of natural conditions. Real meaning.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208;F321.1

【参考文献】