基于GIS的宁夏石嘴山市地质灾害危险性评价

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:08

本文选题：石嘴山 + ArcGIS　；参考：《长安大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：石嘴山位于黄河中游上段、宁夏回族自治区北部。近年来，由于受区域地质环境和人类工程活动的影响，尤其是人类工程活动，如开矿、修路等，市区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害尤为发育，严重威胁到人民生命财产的安全，也给国民经济建设带来严重的阻碍。本文通过野外实地调查和相关资料的收集，查明了石嘴山市区的区域地质环境条件及灾害的类型、数量、分布、规模、稳定性和危害程度，分析了灾害的形成与地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、气候、人类工程活动等因素的关系。在此基础上，选取合适的地质灾害危险性评价指标体系，运用层次分析法算出各评价指标的权重并对其加以量化，然后利用水文分析法对斜坡单元进行划分，并利用ArcGIS平台提供的空间叠加和分析计算功能，对研究区进行地质灾害危险性综合评价。最后，针对地质灾害的实际情况，，提出了合理的灾害防治规划建议。取得的主要研究成果如下：（1）研究区的地质灾害类型为：崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷，其中崩塌（已发生的和潜在的）54处，滑坡（已发生的和潜在的）7处，泥石流（已发生的和潜在的）92处，地面塌陷6处，存在隐患的灾害共有159处。（2）地质灾害危险性评价指标体系包括历史因素、环境因素和诱发因素。其中历史因素包括灾害点密度和面密度；环境因素包括坡度指标、坡型指标、坡高指标、岩土体条件和地貌分区指标；诱发因素包括人类工程活动指标和降雨指标。（3）研究区地质灾害危险度可划分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区。其中高危险区总面积为132.10Km2，占总面积的3.30%；中危险区总面积为1175.08Km2，占总面积的29.36%；低危险区总面积为2695.56Km2，占总面积的67.34%。（4）在地质灾害危险性分区的基础上，可将研究区地质灾害分为三个防治区：重点防治区、次重点防治区和一般防治区，其中重点防治区包括8个亚区，次重点防治区包括16个亚区，一般防治区包括3个亚区。本文的研究成果为当地政府制定合理的土地利用规划和地质灾害防治规划，建立地质灾害应急预案和监测预报系统提供了基础资料和科学依据，具有重要的理论和实际意义。
[Abstract]:Shizuishan is located in the upper middle reaches of the Yellow River, the northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous region. In recent years, due to the influence of regional geological environment and human engineering activities, especially human engineering activities, such as mining, road building, urban collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse and other geological disasters are particularly developed. It is a serious threat to the safety of people's life and property, but also a serious obstacle to the construction of national economy. Through field investigation and collection of relevant data, this paper finds out the regional geological environment conditions and the types, quantity, distribution, scale, stability and hazard degree of disasters in Shizuishan area, and analyzes the formation and landform of disasters. Geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, climate, human engineering activities and other factors. On this basis, the appropriate evaluation index system of geological hazard risk is selected, the weight of each evaluation index is calculated and quantified by AHP, and then the slope unit is divided by hydrological analysis method. Using the space superposition and analysis and calculation function provided by ArcGIS platform, the comprehensive evaluation of geological hazard risk is carried out in the study area. Finally, according to the actual situation of geological disasters, the reasonable disaster prevention and control planning suggestions are put forward. The main research results obtained are as follows: (1) the types of geological hazards in the study area are: collapse, landslide, debris flow and ground collapse, of which there are 54 collapses (both occurring and potential), and 7 landslides (both occurring and potential). The evaluation index system of geological hazard risk includes historical factors, environmental factors and induced factors. Among them, historical factors include disaster site density and surface density, environmental factors include slope index, slope type index, slope height index, rock and soil condition and geomorphologic zoning index. The induced factors include the index of human engineering activity and the index of rainfall. 3) the risk degree of geological hazard in the study area can be divided into high risk area, middle risk area and low risk area. The total area of high risk area is 132.10 km ~ 2, which accounts for 3.30% of the total area; the total area of middle risk area is 1175.08 km ~ 2, accounting for 29.36% of the total area; and the total area of low risk area is 2695.56 km ~ 2, accounting for 67.34% of the total area. The geological hazards in the study area can be divided into three control areas: the key control area, the secondary key control area and the general control area, in which the key control area includes 8 subregions, the secondary key control area includes 16 subregions, and the general control area includes 3 subareas. The research results of this paper provide the basic data and scientific basis for the local government to formulate reasonable land use planning and geological disaster prevention and control planning, and establish the geological disaster emergency plan and monitoring and forecasting system, which has important theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P694

【引证文献】