近30年刘家峡以下黄河上游河道湿地演变规律与驱动力分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 08:39

本文选题：河道湿地 + 黄河上游、湿地系统动态演变　；参考：《地球信息科学学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：河道湿地是流域生态系统中,位于水陆交错地带,关联陆地生态系统和水生生态系统的桥梁和纽带,对蓄水滞洪、净化水质和水土保持,以下维持生物多样性和生态平衡起重要的作用。本文采用1986、1996、2000、2006和2015年5期Landsat遥感影像数据对刘家峡以下黄河上游湿地进行湿地解译提取,并利用空间统计分析法、转移矩阵法和质心位置变化法对刘家峡以下黄河上游河段河道湿地演变规律以及驱动力因素进行研究。结果表明,1986-2015年,黄河上游河道湿地面积从17.3万hm2逐渐减少到12.2万hm2,减少了29.0%。研究区土地利用类型的转移主要发生在河流、裸滩、草本湿地与耕地的相互转化上。过去30年嫩滩湿地的变化幅度远大于老滩湿地,嫩滩湿地面积从1986年的15.46万hm2减少到2015年的10.41万hm2,减少了32.7%,嫩滩湿地演变规律为天生湿地型之间的相互演变,即河流-裸滩-沼泽湿地。而老滩湿地面积基本处在稳定状态,面积范围在1.84~2.28万hm2之间,具有天然湿地-人工湿地与天然湿地-农业用地的演变规律特征。水渠湿地、坑塘湿地和森林湿地质心位置变化较为突出,由单一类型动态度分析可知,研究区自然湿地萎缩、城镇化加速、河流水面面积减少加快。以上分析结果与研究区气温、水利水电工程、灌溉用水、凌汛期冰情以及城镇化程度均有关,与降雨量无明确关系。
[Abstract]:River channel wetland is the bridge and link between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem in watershed ecosystem, which is located in the crisscross zone of water and land, and has great influence on water storage and detention, purification of water quality and soil and water conservation. The following plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. In this paper, the wetland interpretation and extraction of the upper reaches of the Yellow River below Liujiaxia were carried out by using five Landsat remote sensing image data of 1986 / 1996 / 2006 and 2015, and the spatial statistical analysis method was used. Transfer matrix method and centroid change method were used to study the evolution law and driving force of river wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River below Liujiaxia. The results show that from 1986 to 2015, the wetland area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River gradually decreased from 173000 hm2 to 122000 mm ~ 2, which decreased 29.0%. The transfer of land use types in the study area mainly occurred in the mutual transformation of river, bare beach, herbaceous wetland and cultivated land. In the past 30 years, the change range of Nentan wetland was much larger than that of Laotan wetland. The area of Nen beach wetland decreased from 154600 hm2 in 1986 to 104100 mm ~ 2 in 2015, which decreased 32.70.The evolution rule of Nen beach wetland was the mutual evolution of natural wetland type. Namely river-bare beach-swamp wetland. However, the area of Laotan wetland is basically in a stable state, with a range of 1.84 ~ 22800 hm2, which is characterized by the evolution of natural wetland, artificial wetland and natural wetland to agricultural land. The variation of the center of mass of the drainage wetland, the pothole wetland and the forest wetland is more prominent. According to the analysis of the single type of dynamic degree, the natural wetland shrinks, the urbanization accelerates, and the river surface area decreases and accelerates. The above analysis results are related to the temperature, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, irrigation water, ice condition in the ice period and urbanization degree in the study area, but have no clear relation with the rainfall.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室自主创新项目(08R8A010YA) 国际科技合作专项项目(2012DFG22050) 中国科学院战略性先导专项项目(XDA05050601)
【分类号】：P237;P942

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