基于ArcGis的日冕水电站滑坡敏感性分析

发布时间：2018-06-06 13:29

本文选题：滑坡敏感性 + 遥感影像　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国西南地区多为高山峡谷，降水集中，江河密布的区域。但其地质条件复杂，生态环境脆弱，各种地质灾害频发，其中尤以滑坡的危害影响最大，也是我国遭受滑坡灾害危害最为严重的地区。滑坡作为水库工程中库岸稳定性破坏最为严重的灾害，对坝址的安全有很大的影响。因此，科学、准确地进行滑坡敏感性评价对于水电站的建设与防灾减灾都有很重要的意义。本文以金沙江流域日冕(旭龙)水电站的现场地质调查为基础，结合高分辨率的SPOT5遥感影像，利用地理信息系统ArcGis软件，解译出滑坡和堆积体共25处，然后分别选取地形坡度，地形坡向，地层岩性，地质构造，河流侵蚀，植被覆盖率为滑坡敏感性的评价因子，在ArcGis的支持下，采取50×50m为栅格单元网格，分别用层次分析法和信息量法建立模型，研究整个库区的滑坡敏感性分区。论文取得了如下成果： 1.利用地形数字高程模型(DEM)和高分辨率的SPOT5多光谱遥感影像，建立库区及滑坡的三维数字特征，分别解译处滑坡发生的位置，大概的形态和规模，，然后将坐标导入GPS导航系统，为现场的深入认识提供便利。通过这种方式，将RS，GIS，GPS相融合，形成了一种基于3S的滑坡研究思路。 2.利用地形矢量图形和高分辨率的SPOT5多光谱遥感影像，结合以往对于滑坡的研究经验，利用Mapgis、ArcGis和Erdas等软件分别提取坡度、坡向、地层岩性、地质构造、河流侵蚀和植被覆盖率6个敏感性评价因子，通过引入“等级权重”的概念分别讨论了滑坡分布与上述因子的统计关系。 3.利用Arcgis软件强大的空间分析功能，将研究区以50×50m为栅格单元网格划分，同时采用层次分析法和信息量法对研究区进行敏感度区划研究。通过绘制累计频度曲线来确定敏感度等级分区的界线阈值，最终得出研究区的滑坡敏感性区划图。 4.利用ROC曲线的精度检验原理，分别绘制层次分析法和信息量法模型评价中的精度检验曲线，求取曲线下的面积（AUC）。研究表明，两种方法均可靠有效，但信息量法的评价结果要优于层次分析法。
[Abstract]:Southwest China is mostly high mountain canyons with concentrated precipitation and rivers. However, the geological conditions are complex, the ecological environment is fragile, and a variety of geological disasters occur frequently, especially the landslide has the greatest impact on the hazards, and is also the most serious hazards of landslide disaster in China. Landslide, as the most serious damage to reservoir bank stability in reservoir engineering, has great influence on the safety of dam site. Therefore, scientific and accurate evaluation of landslide sensitivity is of great significance for the construction of hydropower stations and disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the field geological survey of the Corona (Xulong) Hydropower Station in the Jinsha River Basin, combined with the high-resolution SPOT5 remote sensing images, 25 landslips and accumulations were interpreted by using the ArcGis software of the Geographic Information system (GIS), and then the topographic slopes were selected respectively. The slope direction, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, river erosion and vegetation coverage are the evaluation factors of landslide sensitivity. With the support of ArcGis, 50 脳 50m is taken as grid cell grid, and the models are established by AHP and information quantity method, respectively. The sensitivity zoning of landslide in the whole reservoir area is studied. The paper has achieved the following results: 1. Using the terrain digital elevation model (DEM) and high resolution SPOT5 multispectral remote sensing image, the 3D digital features of the reservoir area and landslide are established, and the location, shape and scale of the landslide are respectively interpreted, and then the coordinates are imported into the GPS navigation system. To facilitate in-depth understanding of the site. In this way, RSGIS-GPS is fused to form a landslide research idea based on 3s. 2. Using terrain vector graph and high resolution SPOT5 multispectral remote sensing image, combined with the previous research experience of landslide, using Mapgis ArcGis and Erdas software to extract slope, slope direction, stratigraphic lithology and geological structure, respectively. The statistical relationship between landslide distribution and the above factors was discussed by introducing the concept of "grade weight" into the six sensitive evaluation factors of river erosion and vegetation coverage. 3. By using the powerful spatial analysis function of Arcgis software, the research area is divided into 50 脳 50m grid cells, and the sensitivity zoning of the study area is studied by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the method of information content. By drawing the cumulative frequency curve to determine the threshold of the sensitivity level, finally the landslide sensitivity map of the study area is obtained. 4. Based on the precision test principle of ROC curve, the precision test curve of AHP and information method model evaluation is drawn, and the area under the curve is obtained. The results show that the two methods are effective, but the evaluation results of the information quantity method are better than the analytic hierarchy process.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P642.22;P208

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