三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网研究及应用

发布时间：2018-06-11 10:08

本文选题：三峡库区 + 滑坡监测　；参考：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：针对三峡库区近600km长水系范围内的滑坡监测问题,对三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网和实践、滑坡监测基准稳定性分析和滑坡监测网优化等方法展开深入的研究。通过研究形成了一套适用性方法,对狭长区域滑坡监测具有指导作用。论文的研究内容和成果如下： 1)介绍了三峡库区滑坡监测网的建立和应用效果,针对三峡库区滑坡监测的现状,提出了论文研究的目的和意义,系统地回顾了GNSS参考框架、高精度GPS数据处理与变形分析、变形监测网优化设计等与论文研究内容有关的理论、方法和成果。 2)探讨了高精度GPS数据处理使用的ITRF和IGS参考框架的定义、建立和维持方法,以及三峡库区滑坡监测成果使用的北京54、西安80和WGS-84等坐标系,针对三峡库区滑坡监测涉及多种坐标系统转换的问题,研究了不同ITRF框架间的转换,精密星历与地面基准站坐标基准的统一,WGS-84坐标系和我国参心坐标系的转换以及等价坐标转换等方法。 3)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网技术。针对库区呈带状分布的特点,研究了多基准站式的布网方法,通过划分子网,系统地研究了GPS数据处理中系统误差的处理方法、分析了粗差观测值对平差结果的影响,比较了整体平差和分区平差结果的差异,在此基础上,确定了GPS统测构网的最佳方法。采用该方法,将三峡库区122个滑坡体的监测点统一到库区滑坡监测内,提高了作业效率以及滑坡监测的精度和可靠性,解决了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网的技术难题。 4)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测基准的稳定性分析方法。该方法顾及了已有方法的局限性以及大范围变形分析中块体运动的影响。利用2008-2011年的多期GPS观测资料,对基准点进行稳定性分析。结果表明,三峡水库高水位蓄水的3年时间里,库区存在不稳定的工作基点,不稳定点的水平位移在4cm以上,水平向最大点位变化达79.4cm,不稳定点的垂直位移在4.5cm以上,垂向最大点位变化达53.7cm。不稳定点的水平位移方向与现场地理环境核查的结果具有一致性,垂直位移方向与地震部门的监测结果较为一致。 5)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测网的优化技术。结合三峡库区122个滑坡体的实际观测环境条件,分析了GPS监测的最佳观测时段、最佳时段长度和最佳截止高度角。推导了GPS滑坡监测网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度和费用等质量指标,建立了监测网优化模型。提出了模拟法和解析法相结合的监测网形优化方法,基于该方法,对三峡库区滑坡体GPS变形网进行优化,得到了较优的监测网形。通过分析大量滑坡体的优化结果,总结出适用性结论,对全库区滑坡监测具有指导作用。
[Abstract]:In view of the landslide monitoring problem in the three Gorges reservoir area near the 600km long water system, the methods of landslide monitoring system network and practice, the stability analysis of landslide monitoring datum and the optimization of landslide monitoring network are deeply studied. Through the research, a set of applicable method is formed, which can guide landslide monitoring in long and narrow area. The research contents and results are as follows: 1) the establishment and application effect of landslide monitoring network in the three Gorges reservoir area are introduced, the purpose and significance of the paper are put forward, and the GNSS reference frame is reviewed systematically. High precision GPS data processing and deformation analysis, deformation monitoring network optimization design and other related theories, methods and results. 2) the definition, establishment and maintenance method of ITRF and IGS reference frame used in high precision GPS data processing are discussed. And the coordinate systems of Beijing 54, Xi'an 80 and WGS-84 used for landslide monitoring results in the three Gorges Reservoir area. In view of the problems of the transformation of various coordinate systems involved in landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the conversion between different ITRF frames is studied. The conversions of the coordinate datum of precise ephemeris and ground datum station in the WGS-84 coordinate system and the reference coordinate system in China and the equivalent coordinate transformation are studied. 3) the GPS system network technology for landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area is studied. In view of the zonal distribution of the reservoir area, the method of multi-reference station netting is studied. By dividing subnets, the processing method of systematic error in GPS data processing is systematically studied, and the influence of gross error observation value on the adjustment result is analyzed. On the basis of comparing the difference between the global adjustment and the partition adjustment, the optimal method of GPS system network is determined. By using this method, 122 landslide monitoring points in the three Gorges Reservoir area are unified into landslide monitoring in the reservoir area, which improves the operation efficiency and the accuracy and reliability of landslide monitoring. The technical problem of GPS integrated monitoring network for landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area is solved. 4) the stability analysis method of the landslide monitoring datum in the three Gorges Reservoir area is studied. This method takes into account the limitations of the existing methods and the influence of block motion in the large-scale deformation analysis. The stability of the datum is analyzed by using the multi-period GPS observation data of 2008-2011. The results show that during the three years of high water level storage in the three Gorges Reservoir, there is an unstable working base point in the reservoir area. The horizontal displacement of the unstable point is above 4cm, the maximum horizontal displacement is 79.4 cm, and the vertical displacement of the unstable point is above 4.5cm. The maximum vertical change is 53.7 cm. The horizontal displacement direction of unstable points is consistent with the results of site geographical environment verification, and the vertical displacement direction is more consistent with the monitoring results of seismic departments. 5) the optimization technology of landslide monitoring network in the three Gorges reservoir area is studied. Combined with the actual observation environment conditions of 122 landslide bodies in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the optimum observation period, length and cut-off height angle of GPS monitoring are analyzed. The precision, reliability, sensitivity and cost of GPS landslide monitoring network are derived, and the optimization model of GPS landslide monitoring network is established. Based on the simulation method and analytical method, the GPS deformation network of the landslide body in the three Gorges Reservoir area is optimized, and the better monitoring network shape is obtained. By analyzing the optimization results of a large number of landslide bodies, a conclusion of applicability is concluded, which can be used as a guide for landslide monitoring in the whole reservoir area.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;P642.22

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