GIS多尺度显示方法的研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 11:36

本文选题：GIS多尺度 + 空间索引　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前，随着GIS的不断进步，GIS已被广泛应用于国土管理、城市建设、交通运输等众多领域，但是目前在GIS多尺度相关方面仍然存在着许多挑战。尤其是GIS多尺度中的制图问题，成为了当前研究的一个热点。GIS多尺度制图通常是经过选取、简化、融合、替换等一系列的方式来得到，而GIS多尺度制图通常采用化简数据对象坐标点的个数或采用空间索引来实现。在GIS多尺度研究中制图和地图数据处理是相辅相成的，因此也被统称为GIS多尺度方法的研究。在地图的多尺度显示中地图数据的处理速度和制图方法的选择直接影响了多尺度地图的显示速度和视觉效果，为了提高地图多尺度的显示速度和显示效果，地图多尺度显示方法的研究具有很重要的现实意义。本文针对移动终端硬件资源有限、对精度要求不高的特点，提出采用边缘逼近的思想实现多尺度地图的快速显示。该方法用不同大小的空间网格逼近数据对象的边缘，用于逼近数据对象边缘的空间网格越小生成的比例尺越大，相反，用于逼近数据对象的空间网格越大生成的比例尺越小，从而产生大比例尺下地图信息量较大而小比例尺下地图信息量较少的视觉感受。多尺度除了在移动终端中应用外，在PC平台中也应用广泛，由于在PC平台多采用多尺度地图进行数据分析、总结和归类，，因此需要有较高的精度。通常空间索引方法不会损失原始数据的精度，但是在实际应用中有时人们不关心整幅地图的信息，而只关心某个子区域的信息，此时没必要把实际消耗在针对整幅地图建立数据上。针对该问题本文提出了采用混合索引的方法实现基于PC平台的应用，其中的主索引实现数据对象的快速定位，使得多比例尺数据能够快速形成，同时，充分考虑到采用索引方法加快了地图显示速度但并未考虑地图制图效果的问题，提出利用辅助索引记录地图中数据对象的填充关系，使得地图中不再出现存在视觉缺陷的数据对象，利用拓扑算子实现地图中数据对象的拓扑关系判断和拓扑操作，实现不同数据对象的空间位置判断和动态融合。本文将提出的两种方法与原有方法相比较。大量实验表明，本文提出的方法能够较快的显示地图并且具有较好的地图显示效果。
[Abstract]:At present, with the continuous progress of GIS, GIS has been widely used in many fields, such as land management, urban construction, transportation and so on. However, there are still many challenges in GIS multi-scale correlation. In particular, the mapping problem in GIS multi-scale, has become a hot spot of current research. Multi-scale mapping of GIS is usually obtained by a series of methods, such as selection, simplification, fusion, replacement and so on. In GIS multi-scale mapping, the number of coordinate points of data objects is simplified or the spatial index is used to realize it. Cartography and map data processing are complementary to each other in GIS multi-scale research, so they are also referred to as GIS multi-scale methods. The speed of map data processing and the selection of cartographic methods directly affect the display speed and visual effect of multi-scale map in order to improve the speed and effect of multi-scale map display. The study of map multi-scale display method is of great practical significance. In this paper, the idea of edge approximation is used to realize the fast display of multi-scale map in view of the limited hardware resources of mobile terminal and the low requirement of precision. In this method, the edge of the data object is approximated by spatial grids of different sizes. The smaller the scale of the spatial grid used to approximate the edge of the data object, the larger the scale generated by the spatial grid used to approximate the data object. Thus, the large amount of map information in large scale and less map information in small scale are produced. Multi-scale is widely used in PC platform as well as in mobile terminal. Because multi-scale map is used for data analysis, summary and classification in PC platform, it is necessary to have high precision. In general, spatial indexing methods do not lose the accuracy of the original data, but in practical applications people do not care about the information of the whole map, but only the information of a subregion. At this point, there is no need to actually consume the data on the entire map. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid index method to realize the application based on PC platform. The main index realizes the fast positioning of data object, which makes the multi-scale data can be formed quickly. At the same time, Considering that the method of index accelerates the speed of map display but does not take into account the effect of map cartography, the paper puts forward the use of auxiliary index to record the filling relationship of data objects in the map. The topology operator is used to realize the topological relation judgment and topological operation of the data objects in the map, and the spatial position judgment and dynamic fusion of different data objects are realized. In this paper, the two methods are compared with the original method. A large number of experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can display the map quickly and has a better map display effect.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

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