潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 06:39

本文选题：潮间带 + 遥感监测方法　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：潮间带处于海陆交界,是研究现代海岸动态和环境变迁的参照物,同时也是开发利用海洋资源的主要地带。潮间带除受海陆双重动力影响外,受人类活动的影响也越来越多,地形复杂的潮间带变化更为频繁。在此情况下,对潮间带地形进行动态监测、及时掌握潮间带地形的变化情况非常重要。传统地形测量方法周期长、范围小、消耗大且获取的地形资料有限,无法满足潮间带地形动态监测需求；而遥感监测方法具有快速大面积同步监测的特点,能够提供较长时间跨度和短时间周期的地形变化。遥感技术已被广泛用于潮间带地形动态监测研究并成为主要的动态监测手段,但是目前多局限于对某个遥感监测方法的研究。潮间带地形变化有潮流作用带来的长期变化,也有开发利用带来的中期变化,更有突发气象事件如风暴潮等带来的短时变化；对潮间带地形的动态监测有大空间尺度的监测如对辐射沙脊群的动态变化监测,有中尺度空间的监测如对港口航道附近地形变化的监测,也有小尺度微地貌的监测如对最小地貌单元纳潮盆地的动态监测。单一的遥感监测方法无法获取这些不同尺度的地形变化,也无法得到完整和全面的动态变化信息。本文提出建立潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系来解决这一问题,即通过分析不同监测方法的特点,借助系统科学理论,建立潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系,从多维度、多视角监测潮滩,以期获得潮间带地形的动态变化情况,掌握潮间带的地形演变规律,为潮间带开发利用提供实时的地形数据,提供宏观和微观不同比例的监测,在港口航道水下地形监测、滩涂围垦工程监测和生态环境保护中提供数据支持和技术支持,为主管部门进行分析、做出决策提供重要的依据。本文根据潮间带的特点,研究不同的遥感监测方法和方法组合,并针对遥感监测方法评价建立子体系,从而建立适合潮间带地形的遥感动态监测体系,达到对潮间带地形的全面动态监测。研究结论如下： ①潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系的主要要素为监测对象、监测方法、监测结果和评价子体系,体系研究过程为：监测对象分析、监测方法分析、监测体系技术研究和评价子体系研究。 ②从地貌特点、空间尺度和时间尺度三个方面进行了适用对象分析,从数据源、技术成熟度和监测结果处理程序三个角度总结了各遥感监测方法的使用成本。结果表明：可见光水深法适合大范围水下地形的长期动态监测,含水量法适合小范围出露潮滩的短期动态监测,沙脊特征线法适合中范围沙脊的各时间尺度动态监测,潮汐水道中轴线法适合中范围潮汐水道各时间尺度动态监测,纳潮盆法适合小范围出露潮滩短期动态监测；纳潮盆法使用成本较高,可见光水深法和含水量法使用成本中等,沙脊特征线法和潮汐水道中轴线法使用成本较低。 ③提出用方法组合来弥补单一方法的局限,获得更全面和更详细的监测结果。方法组合有互补型组合和优化型组合两种。互补型方法组合有：可见光水深法和含水量法组合,沙脊特征线法和潮汐水道中轴线法组合；优化型方法组合有：含水量法和纳潮盆地法组合,含水量法和沙脊特征线法组合,可见光水深法和潮汐水道中轴线法组合 ④建立了潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系的评价子体系,对整个体系进行质量控制和精度评价,内容包括：增补了遥感类技术规范,补充了遥感监测方法的技术依据；提出自然因子和经济因子两个评价指标用来对遥感监测方法选择进行评价,确保监测方法选择的合理；针对不同的遥感监测方法,提出不同的精度评价指标控制遥感监测方法的应用质量,也给出了各方法的精度范围；从监测对象地貌特征出发,提出了适用的动态监测指标,从三维和二维的角度对地形变化进行分析。 ⑤对潮间带地形遥感动态监测体系进行了应用分析,提出了可以提高精度和控制经济成本的遥感影像的选择方法,即综合考虑影像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率；提出了适合潮间带这一特殊地貌的遥感影像预处理方法,包括FLAASH辐射校正方法和LGCP法几何校正。 ⑥在监测具体的某一潮间带时,对于近岸浅海地形,运用可见光水深法和含水量法的方法组合；对于近岸滩涂,运用含水量法和纳潮盆法的方法组合；对于沙脊群,运用沙脊特征线法和潮汐水道中轴线法。并选择南黄海辐射沙脊群为监测对象进行具体的案例分析,流程为监测对象分析、监测方法选择与执行、精度评价、最后得到监测结果,系统地完成了体系应用,证实了该体系具有较强的实际操作性和较广的应用范围。
[Abstract]:The intertidal zone is on the boundary between sea and land. It is a reference for the study of the dynamic and environmental changes of the modern coast. It is also the main zone for the development and utilization of marine resources. The intertidal zone is influenced more and more by human activities besides the dual power of sea and land, and the complex topography of the intertidal zone becomes more frequent. It is very important to monitor the movement state and grasp the changes of the topography in the intertidal zone in time.
The traditional topographic survey method has long period, small range, large consumption and limited terrain data, which can not meet the requirement of dynamic monitoring of intertidal terrain, and remote sensing monitoring method has the characteristics of rapid and large area synchronous monitoring, which can provide long time span and short time period of terrain change. Remote sensing technology has been widely used in intertidal zone. The study of topographic dynamic monitoring has become the main means of dynamic monitoring, but at present it is mostly limited to the study of a remote sensing monitoring method.
The change of tidal zone topography has the long-term changes brought by the tidal current, and also has the medium-term changes brought by the development and utilization, and the short-term changes caused by the sudden weather events, such as the storm tide, and the monitoring of the dynamic monitoring of the intertidal terrain, such as the monitoring of the dynamic changes of the radiation sand ridges, has the monitoring of the mesoscale space. The monitoring of topographic changes near the port channel also has the monitoring of small scale micro geomorphology, such as the dynamic monitoring of the tidal basin of the smallest geomorphic unit. The single remote sensing method can not obtain the topographic changes of these different scales, and the complete and comprehensive dynamic change information can not be obtained.
In this paper, a dynamic monitoring system for intertidal terrain remote sensing is proposed to solve this problem. By analyzing the characteristics of different monitoring methods and using the theory of system science, the dynamic monitoring system of intertidal terrain remote sensing is established, and the tidal flat is monitored from multi dimension and multi angle, so as to obtain the dynamic changes of the intertidal terrain and master the intertidal zone. The shape evolution law provides real-time terrain data for the development and utilization of intertidal zone, provides macro and micro scale monitoring, and provides data support and technical support in the underwater terrain monitoring of the port channel, the monitoring of tidal flat reclamation project and the ecological environment protection, which provides important basis for the competent department to analyze and make the decision.
According to the characteristics of intertidal zone, this paper studies different methods and combination of remote sensing monitoring methods and methods, and establishes a sub system for remote sensing monitoring methods, thus establishing a dynamic remote sensing monitoring system suitable for intertidal terrain to achieve a comprehensive dynamic monitoring of the intertidal terrain.
The conclusions are as follows:
(1) the main elements of the dynamic monitoring system of the intertidal terrain remote sensing are monitoring objects, monitoring methods, monitoring results and evaluation subsystems. The research process of the system is the analysis of monitoring objects, the analysis of monitoring methods, the research of monitoring system technology and the research of evaluation subsystem.
The applicable object analysis was carried out from three aspects of geomorphology, spatial scale and time scale. The use cost of various remote sensing monitoring methods was summarized from three aspects of data sources, technical maturity and monitoring result processing program. The results showed that the visible light water depth method was suitable for the long-term dynamic monitoring of the large range underwater terrain, and the water content method was suitable. The short term dynamic monitoring of the small range outcropping tidal flat is suitable for dynamic monitoring of the time scales of the medium range sand ridges. The axis method of the tidal channel is suitable for dynamic monitoring of the time scales of the mid range tidal waterways, and the tidal basin method is suitable for the short term dynamic monitoring of the small outcropping tidal flats; the tidal basin method uses higher cost and visible light water depth. The cost of the method and the water content method is moderate, and the sand ridge characteristic line method and the tidal water line axis method are of low cost.
(3) the combination of methods to make up the limitation of the single method and obtain more comprehensive and more detailed monitoring results. The combination of the method combination has two kinds of complementary combination and optimal combination. The combination of the complementary method includes: the visible light water depth method and the water content method combination, the sand ridge characteristic line method and the tidal water channel axis method combination; the optimization method combination has The combination of water content method and Nadu basin method, water content method and sand ridge characteristic line method, visible light water depth method and tidal water line axis combination method.
The evaluation subsystem of the dynamic monitoring system of the intertidal terrain remote sensing is established, and the quality control and accuracy evaluation of the whole system are carried out. The contents include: adding the remote sensing technical specification and supplementing the technical basis of the remote sensing monitoring method; two evaluation indexes of natural and economic factors are put forward to select the remote sensing monitoring methods. According to the different remote sensing methods, different precision evaluation indexes are put forward to control the application quality of remote sensing monitoring methods, and the precision range of each method is also given. From the geomorphic features of the monitoring objects, the applicable dynamic monitoring indexes are put forward, and the terrain from the three-dimensional and two-dimensional angles is made to the terrain. The change is analyzed.
The application of remote sensing dynamic monitoring system for intertidal terrain is analyzed. The selection method of remote sensing image, which can improve the precision and control the economic cost, is put forward, that is to consider the spatial resolution and spectral resolution of the image, and propose a remote sensing image preprocessing method, which is suitable for the special geomorphology of the intertidal zone, including the FLAASH radiation. Correction method and geometric correction of LGCP method.
(6) when monitoring a specific intertidal zone, a combination of visible light water depth method and water content method is used for coastal shallow sea terrain. For near Shore beaches, the method of water content and tidal basin method are used. For sand ridges, the sand ridge characteristic line method and the tidal channel axis method are used. And the South Yellow Sea radiation sand ridge group is selected as the supervision. The object carries out a specific case analysis. The process is the analysis of the monitoring objects, the selection and execution of the monitoring methods, the evaluation of the accuracy and the results of the monitoring. The system has completed the application of the system. It has proved that the system has a strong practical operation and a wide range of application.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P237;P714

【参考文献】